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LAS - RUSS > Abomasal Fistula and Abomasal Volvulus, Fractures of the Skull > Flashcards

Abomasal Fistula and Abomasal Volvulus, Fractures of the Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Surgical options for Left Displaced Abomasum:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Right flank omentopexy
  2. Left flank abomasopexy
  3. Right paramedian abomasopexy
  4. Closed suture or bar techniques
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2
Q

How does a fistula prevent wound healing?

A

enzymes in the fistula

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3
Q

First thing to do when treating an abomasal fistula?

A

do a CBC to identify potential electrolyte issues, and treat them.

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4
Q

T/F: Repair of abomasal fistulas are difficult to treat in the field?

A

T. Usually refer them because of the labor and equipment required

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5
Q

Closure after removal of abomasal fistula removal:

  1. Suture size to use?
  2. Can also place additional sutures after closure, using what material? Why that material?
A
  1. large sizes like 2-3-4

2. Steel, because it is the least tissue reactive suture

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6
Q

What is the most likely cause of a simple abomasal displacement?

A

gas accumulation causes the abomasum to rise dorsally within the abdomen, and it begins to twist and turn

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7
Q

Abomasal volvulus twists (clockwise/counterclockwise) from behind, and (clockwise/counterclockwise) from the right side?

A

counterclockwise

counterclockwise

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8
Q

Surgical Options for Treatment of Abomasal Volvulus:

  1. _____ = preferred

2.

A
  1. Right flank omentopexy

2. Right paramedian abomasopexy

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9
Q

When using a right flank omentopexy approach for abomasal volvulus, what should you find on the serosa of the abomasum?

A

descending duodenum and omentum congestion

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10
Q

In what direction is the liver displaced during abomasal volvulus?

A

It is displaced medially

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11
Q

Before placing a stomach the in the abomasum for fluid decompresssion, you should….

A

preplace a purse string suture in the seromuscular layer of the abomasum

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12
Q

Describe the technique for correcting the abomasal volvlus manually:

A

place left forearm medial to the abomasum and push laterally-ventrally-caudally, to free the duodenum from its site of entrapment ventral to the abo-omaso junction

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13
Q

What do you do once the volvulus has been manually corrected?

A

pull the omentum until you see the pylorus to confirm correction

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14
Q

Good prongostic indicators after abomasal volvulus surgery:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Sternal
  2. good appetitie
  3. Feces on wall
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15
Q

Cecal dilatiation, cecal displacement, and cecal volvulus all share what clinical symptom?

A

ping on the right paralumbar fossa

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16
Q

What will a rectal exam in a cecal dilatation or volvulus reveal?

A

distended viscus 4 inchs in diameter at the brim of the pelvis

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17
Q

When decompressing a cecal dilatation, you (do/do not) want to put the needle in at an angle?

A

do, so when you remove the needle you avoid contamination

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18
Q

1 cause of fractures in the skull?

A

Trauma

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19
Q

4 Aspects of the skull fracture emergency protocol in order of most important to least important:

  1. 2.
    3.
    4.
A
  1. A - Airway
  2. B - Breathing, Bleeding
  3. C - CV, circulation
  4. D - Drugs
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20
Q

T/F: In patients with suspected head trauma and increased intracranial pressure, the use of ketamine is CONTRAindicated

A

True

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21
Q

T/F: Clipping for an emergency tracheostomy is ALWAYS required

A

False

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22
Q

Anesthetic for a tracheostomy?

A

Local infiltration

23
Q

T/F: It is easier to remove a tracheal ring in an older horse due to the decreased calcification

A

F, it’s harder due to increased calcification

24
Q

How often should you clean a tracheostomy tube?

What should you clean it with?

A

twice a day

rinse with water and parahydroxide

25
Q

Calvaria fractures are (easy/difficult) to diagnose with radiographs

A

Difficult.

26
Q

Hyphaema definition

A

Blood in the eye

27
Q

What imaging technique provides a radiographic contrast evaluation of the nasolacrimal duct?

A

Dacryocysto-rhinography

28
Q

Equine:

What is the name of the opening to the nasolacrimal duct, and where do you find it?

A

Nasal punctum

at the edge of the pigmented/non-pigmented mucosa

29
Q

Three BROAD steps to surgically repair a facial fracture in a foal:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Elevate the bone depression using periosteal elevator
  2. Drill holes for cerclage fixation
  3. Tighten cerclage wire
30
Q

Technique to drain a sinus in a horse:

A

place a foley catheter into the sinus.

31
Q

Treatment options for a fracture in the incisive region in a horse:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5
A
  1. Conservative

2 Cerclage

  1. Screws
  2. Plates
  3. Fixateur extern
32
Q

What is the best way to anchor the cerclage wire when using the cerclage technique to repair an incisive fracture in a horse?

A

cut a small grove with a saw into a nearby tooth

33
Q

What would you add if you wanted to create additional compressive forces during the surgical repair of a fracture in the inter-dental space of a horse?

A

A tension band. It transforms tension forces into compression forces. Has better fracture healing.

34
Q

T/F: Wires, screws, and plates are one time use only, but you can use them twice with minimal loss of efficiency

A

FALSE. ONLY USE THEM ONCE. they have micro-fractures!

You can re-use clamps and bars though

35
Q

What type of external fixator for the equine skull has sharp tips that clamp onto the bone?

A

Pinless External Fixator System

36
Q

The prognosis of using Cerclage wire to repair the upper incisive region in a horse is (poor/good)?

A

good! GREAT even

37
Q

What is the regarded tool to cut bone during an osteotomy of the equine skull?

A

Oscillating Saw

38
Q

what kind of screws do you use to attach a fixator to the bone in a equine “parrot mouth” repair?

A

distraction screws

39
Q

One complete turn of a distraction screw (used in equine skull fracture repair) inserts the screw by how much?

A

1mm per turn

40
Q

Two most common cause of vertebrae fractures in a horse?

A

Trauma and Electrocution

41
Q

In a horse with suspected vertebrae fracture, what diagnostic imaging method is contraindicated? Why?

A

Myelogram - may increase deficits

42
Q

4 Broad treatment options for equine vertebrae fracture:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Conservative
  2. Screws
  3. Plates
  4. Fixateur extern
43
Q

How would you repair a fracture of the dens of the axis in a horse?

A

Lag-Screw fixation

44
Q

How to treat a communuted fracture of C5 in a recumbent horse?

A

Stabilization with a plate + basket

45
Q

What is the cause of static compressive spinal cord lesions in horses?

A

Degenerative joint disease of diarthrodial articulations of caudal cervical vertebrae

46
Q

What qualifies a lesion found in a myelogram as a “clinically relevant compressive lesion”?

A

If BOTH dorsal and ventral contrast columns narrow at the same level

47
Q

What are the three options to treat a static compressive spinal cord lesion in horses

A
  1. Rest
  2. Dorsal laminectomy
  3. Cervical ventral interbody fusion
48
Q

Laminectomy for static compressive SC lesion in horses:

  1. What position should horse be in?
A

lateral recumbancy, “hanging” over the surgery table

49
Q

Laminectomy for static compressive SC lesion in horses:

Incision length and location? consider use of what other tool for incision?

A

30-40 cm incision on dorsal midline, consider using large self-retaining retractors

50
Q

Cervical ventral interbody fusion for static compressive SC lesion in horses:

What position should the horse be in?

A

Dorsal recumbancy, with an “over-stretching” of the neck

51
Q

Cervical ventral interbody fusion for static compressive SC lesion in horses:

After identifying the vertebrae, what do you do? How?

A

Remove the ventral spinous process, than use 16 mm pilot hole + overdrilled with 25 mm core saw

52
Q

Cervical ventral interbody fusion for static compressive SC lesion in horses:

After drilling hole, do what?

A

Insert basket, smooth hole with osteotome

53
Q

Cervical ventral interbody fusion for static compressive SC lesion in horses:

What is the goal of placing a basket?

A

arthrodesis of joint

LAS - RUSS (32 decks)

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