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LAS - RUSS > Bovine Esophageal, Rumenotoy, Pericarditis > Flashcards

Bovine Esophageal, Rumenotoy, Pericarditis Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical Signs of Esophageal Choke:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. Bloat
  2. Salivation
  3. Coughing/retching
  4. Extended head and neck
  5. Protruding tongue
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2
Q

Two main DDx for Esophageal Choke?

A

Pharyngeal trauma, RABIES

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3
Q

3 Main complications of Esophageal Choke:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Unable to eructate = bloat
  2. Loss of saliva = metabolic acidosis
  3. Aspiration pneumonia
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4
Q

Esophageal Choke: Tx:

Medical:
1. ___ retrevial.

  1. Use ___ to retrieve
  2. Push….

4.

A
  1. manual (if proximal esophagus)
  2. wire snare
  3. into rumen with stomach tube
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5
Q

Main surgery to treat esophageal choke?

When should you consider it?

A

Esophagotomy

If medical tx options have all been exhausted, because it is a sx with many complications

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6
Q

2 main things you should be doing during initial treatment of choke?

A

Decompress rumen and hold off feed and water

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7
Q

Layers of the esopagus:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Adventitial layer
  2. Muscular layer
  3. Submucosa
  4. Mucosa
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8
Q

Structures that are anatomically closely associated with the esophagus in Bovines:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. recurrent laryngeal nerve
  2. Carotid sheath
  3. Vagosympathetic trunk
  4. Tracheal lymphatic trunk
  5. Deep cervical lymph node
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9
Q

Esophageal Surgery is an (simple/complex) sx. Why?

A

Complex.

no serosal layer, constant movement, proximity of laryngeal n, required constant suture line technique, it’s dirty.

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10
Q

Describe the steps of a cervical esophagotomy up to removal of FB

A

Pass tube to obstruction,

exteriorize and isolate affected region of esophagus

Linear incision into esophagus over healthy tissue (if possible)

Remove FB

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11
Q

Closure of cervical esophagotomy:

If healthy tissue?

If compromised tissue?

May need to place…..

A

Close normally

Leave to heal by 2nd intention

rumen fistula

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12
Q

Cervical esophagotomy with 1° Repair:

Performed with animal in what position?

A

standing sedation

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13
Q

Cervical esophagotomy with 1° Repair:

Surgical approach?

A

Lateral/ventrolateral

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14
Q

Cervical esophagotomy with 1° Repair:

Upon incision, seperates into how many layers? What are those layers?

A

2 layers, the muscular layer and mucosa/submucosal layer

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15
Q

Cervical esophagotomy with 1° Repair:

Closure technique?

A

PDS to close, bury knots in lumen. Use mucosa/submucosa for tensile strength

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16
Q

Cervical esophagotomy with 1° Repair:

Post-op complications common d/t…

A

Lack of serosal layer

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17
Q

Cervical esophagotomy with 1° Repair:

Ventral aproach to do what two things:
1
2

A
  1. Blunt dissection of left side of trachea to ID esophagus

2. Retract trachea to the right.

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18
Q

Cervical esophagotomy with 1° Repair:

Ventrolateral approach is used for……

A

feeding tube placement

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19
Q

Cervical esophagotomy with 1° Repair:

Incision site?

A

ventral to jugular v

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20
Q

Cervical esophagotomy with 1° Repair:

Seperate what two muscles at incision site?

A

Sternocephalicus and brachiocephalicus

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21
Q

Cervical esophagotomy with 1° Repair:

Where do you incise esophagus?

A

over or caudal to FB

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22
Q

Cervical esophagotomy with 1° Repair:

Closure technique?

A

Close mucosa/submucosa with knots buried in lumen. Than close muscular layer

23
Q

Cervical esophagotomy with 1° Repair:

Post-op care?

A

Active drain for 48 hours

No food for 48 hours.

Abx

IV fluids w/electrolytes

24
Q

Esophagostomy

Performed when?

A

If tissue is compromised

25
Q

Esophagostomy

performed (cranial/caudal) to repaired esophagus?

A

Caudal to

26
Q

Esophagostomy

Tube you place inside?

A

Polyethylene NG tube

27
Q

Esophagostomy

Leave polyethylene tube in place for how long? What is the goal of leaving it in there that long?

A

7-10 days to allow stroma formation

28
Q

Esophagostomy

Closure method?

A

Heal by second intention

29
Q

Temporary Rumen Fistula:

Function?

A

Immediate relief of chronic bloat

30
Q

2 benefits of Temporary Rumen Fistula:

1
2

A
  1. Direct feeding into rumen

2. Reversible

31
Q

Temporary Rumen Fistula:

Location?

A

Upper left paralumbar fossa

32
Q

Temporary Rumen Fistula:

(do/do not) use sharp dissection

A

Do not.

33
Q

Temporary Rumen Fistula:

Placement technique:

A

Grasp and tent rumen wall

Suture rumen to skin in mattress pattern.

Incise with 1 inch of rumen sticking out of skin

Secure 35 mL syring casing

34
Q

Rumenotomy:

Indications:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Chronic bloat
  2. Foreign body
  3. Reticular abscess
  4. Type II vagal indigestion
35
Q

Type II vagal distension:

Due to failure of.

A

omasal transport

36
Q

Type II vagal indigestion:

results in….

A

distension of reticulum/rumen

37
Q

Rumenotomy:

Off feed how long beforehand?

A

24-36 hours

38
Q

Rumenotomy:

Approach?

A

Left flank.

39
Q

Rumenotomy:

T/F: considered a “dirty” procedure

A

F, a clean-contaminated procedure

40
Q

Rumenotomy:

Suture pattern? What are you suturing together? Start from (ventral/dorsal) aspect?

A

Cushing to suture rumen to skin. dorsal.

41
Q

Rumenotomy:

Describe a rumen board set-up.

A

Non-crushing rumen forceps hooked across a board.

42
Q

Rumenotomy:

What is the benefit of a rumen board?

A

Allows exteriorization of the rumen.

43
Q

Rumenotomy:

Closure method?

A

2 layer inverting closure, being sure to lavage the site.

44
Q

Rumenotomy:

What should you do after completing closure of the 2 layer inverting pattern?

A

Change gloves/sleeves/instruments prior to body wall closure

45
Q

During Rumenotomy, what is the function of Kingman tube?

A

siphon fluid from the rumen

46
Q

Rumenotomy:

Prognosis dependent on _____

A

Reason for procedure.

47
Q

Prognosis of Rumenotomy to remove FB is good if…

A

if FB doesnt penetrate thoracic cavity OR involve right side of reticulum

48
Q

Prognosis of Rumenotomy to remove FB is guarded if…

A

involvement of right side of reticulum

49
Q

Prognosis of Rumenotomy to remove FB is poor if…

A

FB penetrated diaphragm

50
Q 
Clinical signs of Traumatic reticulopreicarditis 
1
 a) 
 b)
 c)

2.
3.

A
  1. CxS of right sided heart failure
    a) Distended jugular v
    b) brisket edema
    c) tachypnea
  2. Tachycardia with muffled heart sounds
  3. CxS of GI disease a week prior
51
Q

Clinical signs of right-sided heart failure that you will see in a traumatic reticulopericarditis case?
1
2
3

A
  1. Distended jugular v
  2. Brisket edema
  3. Tachypnea
52
Q

Three ways to diagnose traumatic reticulopericarditis
1
2
3

A
  1. rads
  2. U/s
  3. Pericardiocentesis
53
Q

3 treatment options for Traumatic Pericarditis

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Salvage
  2. Antibiotics
  3. Pericardial lavage
  4. Pericardectomy

LAS - RUSS (32 decks)

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