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LAS - RUSS > Equine Optho > Flashcards

Equine Optho Flashcards

1
Q

Entropion may lead to _____ or _____

A

corneal ulcer or perforation

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2
Q

If you catch entropion early in a foal, you can correct it by:

A

injecting saline where fold is.

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3
Q

Correction of entropion:

1.
2.

A
  1. simple interrupted sutures/mattress sutures.

2. Pinch skin, than use scissors to snip off a ellipsoid sliver of tissue and than place sutures.

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4
Q

Do you want suture tags from entropion correction to be short or long?

A

short, you don’t want them rubbing against eye.

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5
Q

Eye lid coloboma definition

A

a gap in the eyelid.

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6
Q

T/F:

Eye lid colobomas require quick treatment

A

F, they can be left alone if theyre not affecting the eye

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7
Q

Correct way to perform eye lid suturing for laceration:

  1. 1st thing to suture?
  2. 1st STITCH location?
  3. alternatively?
A
  1. Conjunctiva.
  2. edge between conjunctiva and skin
  3. figure eight knot to reduce irritation/dehisce.
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8
Q

Best way to remove SCC of eyelid?

A

Sliding flap technique

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9
Q

Name the layers of the cornea from the outside to inside:

A

Tear Film

Corneal epithelium

Corneal stroma

Descemet’s membrane

Endothelium

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10
Q

Keratitis definition

A

inflammation of cornea

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11
Q

T/F: There are no blood vessels in the normal cornea

A

True

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12
Q

Clinical symptoms of Keratitis:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Blepharospasm
  2. Epiphora
  3. Corneal edema
  4. Cornea opacity
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13
Q

T/F: The fluorescein test does not stain the descemet’s membrane

A

True

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14
Q

How many layers of cells are in the corneal endothelium?

A

One! A single layer of cells

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15
Q

Steps of successful cornea healing:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Cell sliding
  2. Mitosis
  3. Normal epithelium achieved
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16
Q

Progression of complicated ulcer:

  1. Epithelial defect
    2.
    3.
    4.
A
  1. Bacterial invasion
  2. Tissue destruction
  3. Corneal perforation
17
Q

How does keratitis cause corneal opacity?

A

More fluid than normal in stromal area, causing collagen fibers to disorganize, no longer parallel and results in opacity

18
Q

Cornea Vascularization:
Classification by vessel appearence:

  1. Very branched vessels =
  2. Anastamosis =
  3. Very straight =
A
  1. superficial
  2. superficial and deep
  3. deep
19
Q

what gets stained during fluorescein testing?

A

Stroma

20
Q

Catheter ends for eye medication:

  1. You want it placed where?
  2. why?
A
  1. In fornix

2. so it doesn’t irritate eye

21
Q

T/F: You want to avoid cotton swabs during treatment of corneal ulcers

A

T. Cotton has enzymes that can mask infections.

22
Q

How does a conjunctival pedicle flap work?

A

similar to a skin flap, you pull part of the conjunctiva forward to cover ulcer. Suture it to cornea. Bringing additional vasculature to that area for disposal of waste products.

3-4 months later remove the flap. Carefully trim it out

23
Q

Stromal infection:

if you stain it with fluoroscein what happens?

A

there is no uptake of the fluoroscein.

24
Q

If the flash test for stromal infection is irregular, what does it mean?

A

The epithelium is damaged

25
Q

A laceration or a very deep infection that ruptures the anterior chamber can wash away the iris with the anterior chamber fluid out into the laceration. What is this called?

A

Staphyloma = iri prolapse

26
Q

How do you treat Staphyloma

A

Carefully wedge/free the iris with a blunt tool ,than put in sutures. Place sutures first (without tying knot)

27
Q

Best treatment for enophthalmitis?

A

Exenteration

28
Q

Best treatment for lens luxation?

A

lens extration

29
Q

A common sequelae after lens extraction is ____. Describe it

A

Pthisis bulbi. Eye shrinks in size.

30
Q

4 Clinical features of equine recurent uveitis

A
  1. Uveitis
  2. Iridocyclitis
  3. Periotic ophthalmia
  4. Moon blindness
31
Q

Equine Recurrent Uveitis

  1. % of horses affected?
  2. Breed prevalence?
A
  1. 12%

2. Appaloosas

32
Q

Acute pain symptoms of ERU:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Photophobia
  2. Blepharospasm
  3. Lacrimation
33
Q

Clinical symptoms associated with uveitis:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. Conjunctivitis
  2. Edema/Vascularization of Cornea
  3. Hypopyon
  4. Miosis
  5. Posterior synechiae
34
Q

Components of the uvea affected by uveitis

A

entire vascular tunic

35
Q

Hypopyon definition:

A

leukocytic exudate

36
Q

In posterior synechiae, ____ is attaching to ____

A

the posterior urface of the iris attaches to the anterior surface of the lens.

37
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of posterior synechiae

A

Inflam byproducts act as glue. After acute phase we give atropine as a mydriatic, but the iris gets torn off because they are sticking to the lens

38
Q

Best way to see posterior to cataract?

A

Ultrasound

39
Q

4 main components for treatment of ERU

A
  1. Analgesics - Phenylbutazone
  2. Mydriatics -atropine/dark stall
  3. Topical corticosteroids (make sure there is no corneal ulcer)
  4. Surgery - vitrectomy

LAS - RUSS (32 decks)

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