Equine Optho

Question 1

Entropion may lead to _____ or _____

Answer 1

corneal ulcer or perforation

Question 2

If you catch entropion early in a foal, you can correct it by:

Answer 2

injecting saline where fold is.

Question 3

Correction of entropion:

1.
2.

Answer 3

1. simple interrupted sutures/mattress sutures.

2. Pinch skin, than use scissors to snip off a ellipsoid sliver of tissue and than place sutures.

Question 4

Do you want suture tags from entropion correction to be short or long?

Answer 4

short, you don’t want them rubbing against eye.

Question 5

Eye lid coloboma definition

Answer 5

a gap in the eyelid.

Question 6

T/F:

Eye lid colobomas require quick treatment

Answer 6

F, they can be left alone if theyre not affecting the eye

Question 7

Correct way to perform eye lid suturing for laceration:

1. 1st thing to suture?
2. 1st STITCH location?
3. alternatively?

Answer 7

1. Conjunctiva.
2. edge between conjunctiva and skin
3. figure eight knot to reduce irritation/dehisce.

Question 8

Best way to remove SCC of eyelid?

Answer 8

Sliding flap technique

Question 9

Name the layers of the cornea from the outside to inside:

Answer 9

Tear Film

Corneal epithelium

Corneal stroma

Descemet’s membrane

Endothelium

Question 10

Keratitis definition

Answer 10

inflammation of cornea

Question 11

T/F: There are no blood vessels in the normal cornea

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Clinical symptoms of Keratitis:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 12

1. Blepharospasm
2. Epiphora
3. Corneal edema
4. Cornea opacity

Question 13

T/F: The fluorescein test does not stain the descemet’s membrane

Answer 13

True

Question 14

How many layers of cells are in the corneal endothelium?

Answer 14

One! A single layer of cells

Question 15

Steps of successful cornea healing:

1.
2.
3.

Answer 15

1. Cell sliding
2. Mitosis
3. Normal epithelium achieved

Question 16

Progression of complicated ulcer:

1. Epithelial defect
   2.
   3.
   4.

Answer 16

2. Bacterial invasion
3. Tissue destruction
4. Corneal perforation

Question 17

How does keratitis cause corneal opacity?

Answer 17

More fluid than normal in stromal area, causing collagen fibers to disorganize, no longer parallel and results in opacity

Question 18

Cornea Vascularization:
Classification by vessel appearence:

1. Very branched vessels =
2. Anastamosis =
3. Very straight =

Answer 18

1. superficial
2. superficial and deep
3. deep

Question 19

what gets stained during fluorescein testing?

Answer 19

Stroma

Question 20

Catheter ends for eye medication:

1. You want it placed where?
2. why?

Answer 20

1. In fornix

2. so it doesn’t irritate eye

Question 21

T/F: You want to avoid cotton swabs during treatment of corneal ulcers

Answer 21

T. Cotton has enzymes that can mask infections.

Question 22

How does a conjunctival pedicle flap work?

Answer 22

similar to a skin flap, you pull part of the conjunctiva forward to cover ulcer. Suture it to cornea. Bringing additional vasculature to that area for disposal of waste products.

3-4 months later remove the flap. Carefully trim it out

Question 23

Stromal infection:

if you stain it with fluoroscein what happens?

Answer 23

there is no uptake of the fluoroscein.

Question 24

If the flash test for stromal infection is irregular, what does it mean?

Answer 24

The epithelium is damaged

Question 25

A laceration or a very deep infection that ruptures the anterior chamber can wash away the iris with the anterior chamber fluid out into the laceration. What is this called?

Answer 25

Staphyloma = iri prolapse

Question 26

How do you treat Staphyloma

Answer 26

Carefully wedge/free the iris with a blunt tool ,than put in sutures. Place sutures first (without tying knot)

Question 27

Best treatment for enophthalmitis?

Answer 27

Exenteration

Question 28

Best treatment for lens luxation?

Answer 28

lens extration

Question 29

A common sequelae after lens extraction is ____. Describe it

Answer 29

Pthisis bulbi. Eye shrinks in size.

Question 30

4 Clinical features of equine recurent uveitis

Answer 30

1. Uveitis 2. Iridocyclitis 3. Periotic ophthalmia 4. Moon blindness

Question 31

Equine Recurrent Uveitis 1. % of horses affected? 2. Breed prevalence?

Answer 31

1. 12% | 2. Appaloosas

Question 32

Acute pain symptoms of ERU: 1. 2. 3.

Answer 32

1. Photophobia 2. Blepharospasm 3. Lacrimation

Question 33

Clinical symptoms associated with uveitis: ``` 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ```

Answer 33

1. Conjunctivitis 2. Edema/Vascularization of Cornea 3. Hypopyon 4. Miosis 5. Posterior synechiae

Question 34

Components of the uvea affected by uveitis

Answer 34

entire vascular tunic

Question 35

Hypopyon definition:

Answer 35

leukocytic exudate

Question 36

In posterior synechiae, ____ is attaching to ____

Answer 36

the posterior urface of the iris attaches to the anterior surface of the lens.

Question 37

Describe the pathogenesis of posterior synechiae

Answer 37

Inflam byproducts act as glue. After acute phase we give atropine as a mydriatic, but the iris gets torn off because they are sticking to the lens

Question 38

Best way to see posterior to cataract?

Answer 38

Ultrasound

Question 39

4 main components for treatment of ERU

Answer 39

1. Analgesics - Phenylbutazone 2. Mydriatics -atropine/dark stall 3. Topical corticosteroids (make sure there is no corneal ulcer) 4. Surgery - vitrectomy