aboslitum in central eastern and northern empire

Question 1

the germa states

Answer 1

peace of westphlia left sstates in HRE indepdnt, (many german states)

Question 2

the rise of randenbrug, prussia

Answer 2

1. hollenxollen ddynasty 2. freerick william the great elector 3. laid groundwork for prussian state

Question 3

(the rise of randenbrug, prussia) hollenzollen dyansty

Answer 3

inehrit land in west ermany (rine), then recieved dynasty of east pruiss, 17th century: dominians of house of hohenzollen / brandenburg prussia became three dissconnected masses in west and east and central german

Question 4

(the rise of randenbrug, prussia ) ferick william the great elector

Answer 4

1. knowning brandeburg prussia is small and open and no defnese built army army that abosrbed more than 50% of sate’s revenue, establishe gneral war comissionart (levy taxes and for army and oversee training to susbtain power and army (evoled into nagaley for civil governemtn), governed brandneburg prussia through the gneral war comissinart, junkers (office members) 2. nobles support for freeirkc williams polices comes from no agrement 3. followed mercnatilism

Question 5

(the rise of randenbrug, prussia ) nobles support for freeirkc williams polices comes from no agremen

Answer 5

wanted to eliminate the power junkers have in provincinal estates genral (gave junkers unlimiated power over peasnts, rnnobles don’t have to pay taxes, highest ranks in germany, aollowed to purchase / gather preasnts land, bind peasnts to soil asseys), (junkers gave williams free hand in running ogvernemtn and deprive pronvinical estaes of their powers)

Question 6

(the rise of randenbrug, prussia ) followed mercnailistm

Answer 6

build roads an dcansl, high tariffs and subsides and monopolies for mnaufactors to stimulate domestic industry, contine to favor intersts of nobility

Question 7

((the rise of randenbrug, prussia ) laid groundwork for prussian state

Answer 7

frerick III (son) granted title of king in prussia (changed from elector freierick III to king ferick I) becuase help HRE in spanish succession

Question 8

the emergence of autrai

Answer 8

1. austrian hapsubrg 2. 17th century: new empire created in east and souther eastern Germany 3. new austrian empire remains traidtional heresdistary posesion 4. leopold I (17th century, eastword mvoemt of uatrian empire, challenged by revial of ottoman power, pushed westawrad and laid seign on vienna in 1683, defeated by austrians) 5. treaty of karlowtiz 6. spanish lands 7. authrin monarchy 8. 18h entury (big empire and heavily populated in central europe and great military strength)

Question 9

the emergence of autrai (treayt of karlowtiz)

Answer 9

austrrai takie control of hungary and transvylannia and croatid and solvennia which establish autrina emprie in southeast empire

Question 10

the emergence of autrai (spanish lands

Answer 10

end of succession = got spanish netehrladns and occupation of spanish possesions in italy

Question 11

the emergence of autrai (austiran monarchy)

Answer 11

never became highly cnetrlized, abolsuist state because of many different national groups (all held togther by personal union), habpusr emeprro = archduke of austria and king of bohemia and hungary, teriorites have own laws, landed aritstoriats (connected by common bond of sergvice to house of habpusrg)

Question 12

italy: from spnaish to austrian rule

Answer 12

1. charles V 2. taly during philip II’s reig (spanish presnece EVERYWHERE, flroetine and ppal states and venice are indepndt, influecne of papcy) 3. 18th century (suffer from struggle between france and spain, austria got milan and manta and sadria and naples after spnaish succession then asutria became most dominant power in tialy)

Question 13

italy: from spnaish to austrian rule (charlges V)

Answer 13

defeat french in tialy and arbieer of italy, before he wanted to allow native itlian tulers rule then gave duchy of milan to his son (philip II) and change imperila rights over tialy to sapnish monarcy

Question 14

russia: from fleding principality to major power

Answer 14

1. timeline, 2. inva IV 3. 17th century

Question 15

(russia: from fleding principality to major power ) timeline

Answer 15

1. leadership of duke
2. ivan the terrible
3. time of troubles (rising aritsoic pwoer)
4. michael romanov (choosen by Zelmsey sober, ROMANAV DYNASTY)

Question 16

(russia: from fleding principality to major power) ivan IV

Answer 16

expanded russia fater fdinign westward expansions blocked by sweeish and polish, first to be tsar (cesar), crush boyars to expand autority of tsar

Question 17

(russia: from fleding principality to major power ) 17th century

Answer 17

domianted by upper lcass landed arisotiact, lot of land and shortage of epants lead to serfrm destired to landowerns, townspeople (merchants couldnt’ move without governemt permission or sell outside of class0, peant revolt and schids in russian othrix church, mosvow(contact wiht western ideas(, russia remained largely outside the west (discuss and renaissance and rreofmration gave little impact0

Question 18

the reign of peter the great

Answer 18

1. strong (tall, coaarse in tatses nad rue in hi sbehiavor (humor and punishemens), saw the west when made trip and wanted to westernied / europeanie russia, pocy of euorepinzation is technical (like technology and gadgets), modernization gave him army and navy 2. firsty peirotiy is the organization of army and navy (european and russian and russians drafted, first rusisan navy) 3. recognize central governemtn 4. deman all members of land holding class to serve in military or civil offices 5. need money for navy and army 6. gain state control of russian orthodx church 7. intorduce western customs and practices to russia 8. women

Question 19

(reign of peter the great) reorgaanize central governemtn

Answer 19

senate (supervive machievery of state when gone like a ruling council), college of aministrators entrusted with speicifc functions (because of senate in effectivess)m divide russia to 8 pronvinces then 50 ( central governemtn more effectively), want to create police state (well ordered community governemtn in accordinacne with law, few shared his idea), want snese of civic duty but create fear

Question 20

(russia: from fleding principality to major power ) demand all members fo land holding calsso serve in miiltiary or civil ofcies)

Answer 20

table of ranks (opporunity for no nobles to serve state and join nobility), offices ranked to 14 levels (peole start at level 1 then up), nobliity based on merit

Question 21

(russia: from fleding principality to major power ) need for money for army and navy

Answer 21

adopt mercahist policies and taes, increase exports and new industrie and utalize domestic resources, raised taxes (burdeon peasnts)

Question 22

(russia: from fleding principality to major power ) gain state control of russian orthodox chruch

Answer 22

no position of patriach, holy synod (make decisions for church), procnator( represented intersts of tsar and reassurged peter of domination of duch, the head)

Question 23

russia: from fleding principality to major power (introduce western and practices to russia)

Answer 23

first rusisna book of etiquite (teach western manners), beards are a no! no!, coats shortened, have nobles shaved nobles and coats at court, barbers at towngates tto cut beards and coats)

Question 24

(russia: from fleding principality to major power ) women

Answer 24

benefitied, no seclisum of uper class russian concern, no veils covering face, social gatherings (women and men talk and play games and dance), women could marry of their own free will

Question 25

russia as military power

Answer 25

1. the gerater north war (goal: open window to the west, port estay accesible to europe) 2. need baltic to do this but is controlled by sweeden TIMELINE 3. st. petersburg 4. the good na dbad

Question 26

russia as military power ( need baltic to do this but is controlled by sweeden TIMELINE)

Answer 26

1. with poland and denmark try to defeat charles XII but got defeated
2. battle of narva (russia defeated)
3. battle ofpoltaa (defeat charle’s ary
4. 12 years
5. peace of nyastavlt (peter got estonia, livonia, and karelia, sweeden is a second rate power, russia is number one

Question 27

(russia as military power)st. peter’s burg

Answer 27

early in war, northern marhsland, symbol that russia waslooking westward, peasnts worked on it

Question 28

russia as military power (the good and bad)

Answer 28

russia became great military power because peter modernize and westernize, impact member of european state sytem, westernization only reach upperclass, wanting sttong military 9burn to lower class)< forceful westernization (people dont trust europenan and western civlization instead of imbrace)

Question 29

the great northern states

Answer 29

blatic sea (road for products of east european and west)

Question 30

denmark

Answer 30

1. attempt to expand( little success because sstyem of electing monarchs, kings share power with nobility who have strict control over peansts, wnat to control batic but couldn’t because fo losses in 30 yeasr war and northern war) 2. consitiual crisis (meeting of denmark estat =revoltuion, pwoer of nobility srotened, hereditary monarch established, new abolistuionst constituion)

Question 31

sweeden

Answer 31

1. economy and first estate (poor country, ecnomic is a wreack, monarchy in conflict with nobliity, axel oxesntaion (chief minsiter of adolphus) = first estate( occupty buerucy postiions of expanded central govenremtn, stable monarchy) 2. chrsitican (daught ter of adolphus) 3. charles X (reablish domestic order) 4. charles XI 5. Charles XII (caleimd to be abolsute kings ( responsible for actions)m mitliary afirs (brilliant genral but it was sweedens’ undoing)

Question 32

(sweeden) christian

Answer 32

intersted in philosophy and religon then ruling, favor intersts of noblity (estate of riksdarg, or seedne parliemtn) to proestsest, want to be catholic then king charles (cousin) became king (caused peant revolts aginst noblity)

Question 33

(sweeden) charles XI

Answer 33

briliant monarchy along liesn of abolsute monarcym take control of crownlands and reverences, weaken indpendnt pwoer of nobles, built up burnacy, subdue riksurg and church, intoduce army and navy

Question 34

the ottoman empire

Answer 34

1. stop expansion 2. expansion 3. 17th century 4. Janissaries 5. 17th century

Question 35

(the ottoman empire) stop expanison

Answer 35

conqeur constanionhtope then go to balkans, took roman wallachika, resistense of hugnarisn then couldn’t go up dnaube valley, internal problem and need to bring together eastern frntiers and kept them from attacking

Question 36

(ottoman emprie) expansion

Answer 36

1. sultian suliement I the maginenfient (advance up danube and seize belgrade and hungary but couldn’t get vienna) 2. western med threatne to turn western med into turkish lake 3. battle of leapanto (turks efeated by spanish) 4. held nomial control over south coast)

Question 37

(ottman emprie) 17th century

Answer 37

treated like ruopean power (seek alliance and trade concessions), have effective govenremtn system (led by strong sultans and grand cizies), constantiopile is a large population, politics fought each other for influence and throne (sultan under bros), well tained burauacy of civil servants area threat to state affairs officiality

Question 38

(ottman emprie) janissaries

Answer 38

chrsitian boys tkaen from parenst, convert o mulis, subject to rigi military discipline, example of well organized military system

Question 39

(ottman emprie) 17th century

Answer 39

first half o 17th century: sleepign giant, bloodletting, cahllange from persia, content with state quota in east europe, second half: new ine of grand visers, laid seige on vienna, driven back by austria and poels and bavarrans and saxons, pushed out of hungary, no longer a threat

Question 40

limits of aboslitum

Answer 40

aboluste monarhcs far from abolsutem misleading to think they controlle lvies of subejecst, govnermtn are local instations tha taffect ehri lives, kings determien polices but had to go through local agnets, mass of rugn and pronvicla pirividaes and natural deires limit what monarhcs could ahceive, usccesful kings ued old sytem to their disadvantge instead of changin it, landed aristoracy (important part in euorpean moanrchil sytem), miltiayr officies and judgesa dn office holders and landowers have a lot of power (limits on how effeictly king could rule)