Politics and War so religion in 16th century

Question 1

french wars of religion (1562-1598)

Answer 1

1. french kings try to stop spread of aclvnisim by persutigin calvinstiss 2. Catholic majority outnumber Clanvisit minority 3. factors

Question 2

french wars of religion ( french kings try to spread of aclvnisim by persutigin calvinstiss)

Answer 2

hungnots (french calvnisits) hurt fom risting princes, rigid guild sytsem, local privicigles small, nolbes becomes hugnesots (house of bourbon, hugnests dangerous repoliticla threat to monarhcial power, stron gwilled and organized)

Question 3

french wars of religion (Catholic majority outnumber Clanvisit minority)

Answer 3

Valosis monarch (Catholic, had control over Catholic church), catherin de medici (henry II died the sons succeded then controlled by her, try to find compromise bu tCatholic and proestants won’t budged)

Question 4

Guise

Answer 4

Catholic, could recuit to pay for armies , support form papcy and jesuits (favor their uncompromising Catholic postiion)

Question 5

french wars of religion (factors)

Answer 5

1. religion 2.resnteful growing power of monarchial civilizations (nobles wnatto revolt, then there is no centralized terrioity because nobles and monarchy fighintg) 3. people though loytalty and one’s religious beliefs are higher than french unity 4. politiques placed politics before religion and they e eutally won!

Question 6

course of struggletimeline

Answer 6

1562: massacre by guise of hugnetos congreation at vassay (hugneots too small bu tdefnes is good)
1572: St. Bartholome’s Day Massacres
1576: Holy league (Catholics, henry duke of guise of france made king of france instad of henry III)
1588-1589: War of three henries
1598: Edict of Nantes

Question 7

st. barhomeses day massacres

Answer 7

1. calvinist and catholic in agreement, chalres IX (valosis) sister married Henry of navaree), the hugenots come to paris 2. guise family persuade charles IX and catherine de medici that hugneots gathering in paris is a threat, (chalres wan tot eliminate hugenots leaders) 3. leaders massacred, violence unleased in paris for three days, catholics killed hugenots, henry of navare turned Catholic, Valosis dynasty lost respect

Question 8

War of the three henries

Answer 8

1. henry (duke of guise) force henry III to make him chief minister 2. henry III kill duke of guise and join henry of navarre (became calvinist again) 3. henry III assasinated and henry of navaree claime throne 4. ehrny of navarre convert back to catholism to be acceptd by catholic france

Question 9

edict of hantes

Answer 9

catholicms is the official religion of france, hugneots had the right o worship and hold poltiical privilges (hold public offices), was for political reaons didn’t actually want to do it

Question 10

PHilip II (goals)

Answer 10

1. bring together and get lands inherited from father (charesl V) (Spain, netherelands, possesions in italy, enw world are all Catholic) 2. tried to make a strong monarchial authority (hard because each terriority stood in individual relationship to king) 3. make spain a dominat power in europe

Question 11

philip II

Answer 11

goals, importance of catholicsm to spanish people and ruler

Question 12

philip II ( importance of catholicsm to spanish people and ruler)

Answer 12

wanted to save catholicsm chrisinanity fom protestant heretics, philip II was the champsion of catholicms, spain’s leadership of a hooly league against turish encrhsoemtn was a vicotry (BATTLE OF LEGANTO)

Question 13

revolt of netherlands

Answer 13

netherelands, philip II want to strengthen his control in Netherlands, restress the politics proved counter productive, william of orange,

Question 14

(revolt of netherlands) netherlands

Answer 14

richest part of philip II empire, north are german and dutch, south are french, at commerical crossrodas of north0western europe (commerce and industry prosperous) , location helped them to be open to religious influence (lutehranism, anabaptisim, calcinist), philip II was out of touch with them

Question 15

(revolt of netherlands) philip II want to strengthen his control in Netherlands

Answer 15

opposed by nobles and towns, they did not want prividiels and freedoms to be weakened, taxes were used to spanish interests, philip II attempt to crush Calvinims (calvinsts destroy catholic church states, philip sent troops to crush revellion) DUKE OF ALBA

Question 16

(revolt of netherlands) restress the politics proved counter productive

Answer 16

council f troubles brought a reign of terror and revolts became organized espeically where william of orange and dutch pirates took residence, taxes caused people to join nobles and valnists to fight against spanish, philip fire duke of alba and bring end to revolt

Question 17

(revolt of neterhaldns) william of orange

Answer 17

pacification of ghent (unfiy netherlands, all produce respect religion and under williams reign), but duke of parma played religiou differences and split united front, union of utrechet (north, proestant), union of arras (catholic, south), in the end recognized independence of dutch republic or north providence, the rest remained spanish

Question 18

foreeign policy

Answer 18

elizabeth, elizabeth and netherladns and philip II

Question 19

forgien policy (elizabet)

Answer 19

realized war could be distarous for her kingdom and own rule, encourage english to raid spanish (francis drake), gave aid to french hugenots and dutch calvnist to weaken france and spain, avoid alliances with major powers

Question 20

forgien policy (elizabeth and netherlands and philip II)

Answer 20

philip II of spanish (his advisors say that people of england will rise against elizabeth when spanish come, convince revolt in neterhaldldsn will be crushed as long as they don’t have support from england) successful invatvstion of engalnd: overthrown heresey and reutrn ti back to Catholicsm (philip order warships to meet with duke of parliament and go across english channel for invastion)

Question 21

spanish armada

Answer 21

was a failure, didn’t have troops or ships tthat philip II planned to send, depend on god for miracle, defeat guarantted for the time being tha tengladn would remain proestant

Question 22

Background ot the 30 years war

Answer 22

1. importante role 2. religion placed a divse role in German life as lutherans and catholics persisted in competing for control of various principlaties, princes choose catholicsm or lutehranems 3. constitioned issue increased violence of religious diviosn / divison of holy roman emprie

Question 23

Background ot the 30 years war ( importante role)

Answer 23

1. religion / struggle between militant Catholicsm and militant calvniism 2. secular dynastic (non-religious) (nationalist considerations), start in holy roman emprie but spread to all of euorpe (conflict between bourbon dynasty of france and hapbsurg dynasty of psain and holy roman empire)

Question 24

Background ot the 30 years war (religion placed a divse role in German life as lutherans and catholics persisted in competing for control of various principlaties, princes choose catholicsm or lutehranem)

Answer 24

peace of aubsurg (didn’t recognize rights of valnists, number of german states adopt calvniims as state church), electro palatine freerick IV form league fo german protestsnts (prosteatn union), duke maxilimam organized catholic league of German state

Question 25

Background ot the 30 years war (constitioned issue increased violence of religious diviosn / divison of holy roman emprie)

Answer 25

habsurg emperors want to brin gtogeht er authority in holy roman emprie (look to spanish for help), princes (look to empries of spain and france) (fought for german liberties / right as as indiveual rulers)

Question 26

Thrity years war

Answer 26

danish phase, swedish phase, france-sweeden phase, boehmian phase

Question 27

boehamina phase

Answer 27

1. boehmian estates (nobles) accept ferdinand as their king, ferdinand is a devot catholic and started to re-catholicaze beoomea and strengthe royal power
2. proestant nobles rebels throw away habusrg govenemt and secreatray out of window and survived, they thought they saved by mary, but really fell into poop
3. rebels took fermdniand out of office, put freerick V as head of prortestnat union
4. fereindand (HRE empror), saw that if electon of frederick is allowed to stad, it would upset balance of religious pwoer in europe and proestant for he has more power, seek help from duke mailima an dcatholic league
5. battle of white mountain (ferndinad and allies defeat frederick nobles)
6. spanish took palatine (spanish: west part of palastine (access to tialy and therlands), maxiliams: rest), freerick fled)
7. ferndinad declare boehmia a hereditary hapbusrg possesion and restablish catholicsm as sole religion

Question 28

danish phase (germany)

Answer 28

1. king christna IV (denamry, luteran) led army to northern german (made anti-hapbusrg and ati-catholic alliance and want to gain terriotires in norther germany for fmaily)
2. fermdainidn had new commander, Wallenstein (coutnryes wealthiest land owner), defeat porestant forces at dessau and occupy part of northern germany
3. forces of christian IV defeated by Catholic league and Wallenstein
4. edict of restition (ferdinand)
5. germany princes (sade for independt states), force emepror to dimsiss wallentsetin

Question 29

edict of resistion (ferdinand)

Answer 29

prhobit valnist worshp and restroed to catholic curchall lands taken from proestants,

Question 30

swedish phase (germany)

Answer 30

1. gustatus adolphus (king of sweeden), revived sweeden into a great batltic power, military genius, lutheran
2. adolphus swept imperial forces out of northern german, go into heart of germany
3. imperial sidde (under control of wallestein) , battle of lutherane (wallenstein and adolph, sweedish forces won, adolphus died), sweish forces remain in germany, wallstein assastined
4. battle of nodilgem

Question 31

battle of nodilgen

Answer 31

imperila forces beaht sweish out of souther gmernay, (guarnated southern gemran y will be atholic annul edict of restrituion by emrporro)

Question 32

franco-sweish phase

Answer 32

1. catholic france support proestant sweedes against catholic hpabusrg of germany and sspain
2. battle of rocri (franece beat spanish)
3. french bictories over imperira marie sin souther germany
4. peace of westphila (the end)
5. peace of pyrenes (war between france an dspain ended, france is the the dominant power)

Question 33

out comes of war

Answer 33

peace of westphilia, economic social effects

Question 34

(outcomes of war) peace of wesphaslia

Answer 34

1. ensured all german states were free to determine own religion
2. france get west germany (control fo franco-german border area)
3. sweeden and germany not terriority in gmeran
4. austrina hapbusrg authroity as ruler in germany dimihsed
5. austrian hapbusrg authroity as ruler in germany diministed
6. many states of holy roman emperie become indepdnet (allowed to conduct own forgien policy)
7. relgion and polices are seperate (pope is ignored)
8. makes new beign where states wappear as equals wthin framework

Question 35

(outcomes of war) economic and social effects

Answer 35

1. germany: some devasted some untouched, some experienced eonomic growth
2. debating on degree of devastion