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ape unit 2 > Luther, Reformation > Flashcards

Luther, Reformation Flashcards

1
Q

Christian / Northern Renaissance humanism

A
  1. Italian Renaissance humansim that spread to the north 2. major goal: reform of Christanity (the ability of humans, through education (classic and Christian) creat inner reverence for God and inward religious feelings that will bring a reform) 3. cultive acknolwedge of classics (focus on early Christian sources, found simple religion that was different from compliated theological arguments of Middle Ages) 4. in order to change society, need to change human beings (were optimsitic) 5. Gramus and More
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2
Q

Erasmus

A
  1. formulate and popularize reform program of Christian Humanism 2. emphasized inner piety and did not support external forms of religion (understand original meaning of scripture) 3. made connections 4. reform of Church 5. his program (did not achieve reform that he desired) 6. disapproved of Luther and other Protestant reformers (didn’t want to destroy unit)
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3
Q

Erasmus: made connections

A

vulgate (stanard latin edition of bible), contained errors and edited Greek text of New Testament and annotations (commentary on Vulgate)

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4
Q

Eramus: reform of Church

A
  1. spreading understanding of philosophy of Jesus 2. provide education inEarly Christianity 3. making common sense cristiscsm of absnese of church (praise of folly, cirtism of corrupt practices of own society)
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5
Q

Thomas More

A
  1. serive to the king (favor persecution because of hisintolerance of heresey, opposed England’s break with church) 2. interest in new Classical learning and trained in law 3. athrough have government serive had intellectual and spriitual interests (friendw ith humanists, Erasmus, translations, poetry, devot man) 4. Utopia
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6
Q

Utopia

A

ideliastic life and institutions of Utopia, reflect own concerns with society, solid system (copperation and reason more important, communal not private ownership)

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7
Q

corruption of the Church

A
  1. popes (failed to provide spiritual leadership) 2. dlergy (papal preoccuption with finances and economic changes, highest positions were nobles and wealthy people) 3. pluralism (high church officials took over one church office, then more money, lead ot absesntism) 4. priests (ignorant and without skill)
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8
Q

absteeism

A

church officials ignore duties, hired lower people

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9
Q

salvation

A

looking for meaningful religious expression and certainity of slavtion beliefs (mechanical, Modern devotion)

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10
Q

looking for meaningful religious expression and certainity of slavtion beliefs (mechanical)

A

relics venerated, collections of objects collected (indulgences)

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11
Q

looking for meaningful religious expression and certainity of slavtion beliefs (modern devotion)

A

soughtout certainity of slvation through Modern Devotion (not focus on religious faith, focus on jesus, kemphis)

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12
Q

Kemphis

A

limitation of church, when get to hevean, judged on how religiously we have lived

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13
Q

calls for reformation

A
  1. calls for reformation by Francisn, DOminicans, Augustmans (emaphsis, preaching to lay people) 2. oratery of love (Italy, clergy and laymen emphasis to personal devotion and charity) 3. philosophy of Christ (eramus) 4. Zimmes (active in using christian humanism to reform the church, had copy of imitation of Christ)
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14
Q

Eraly Luther

A
  1. master in liberal arts (not content) 2. studied law 3. caught in a thunderstorm (if survived will become a monk) 4. monastery (focused on assurance of salvation, traditional beliefs didn’t satisfy him espcially sacrament of confession 5. confessed but still doubtful (recommended to study theology) 6. saw himself as not a heretic and innovator
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15
Q

sacrament of conession

A

way of recieving God’s grace and sins forgiven

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16
Q

Luther’s ideas compared to the church

A

CHURCH: salvation (faith and good works)
LUTHER: human beings would never do enough goods works to claim salvation, human saved by faith in God, the bible is the chief guide to religious truth

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17
Q

indulgence

A

origins, pope leo X , Tetzel(financed construction of Saint peter’s Bascilic)

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18
Q

Luther and induelnces

A
  1. through indulgences guarantted enternal doom instead of salvation (didn’t intend to break with church) 2. 95 thesis (accusation of abuses of sales of indulgens, recieved sympahty from Germans who did not like the papal polices and power) 3. deepended his ideas on slavtion
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19
Q

Luther, Joh Wyflicce and Hus

A

critized powers of papy (luther was aware of Hus killing)

20
Q

qquickening Rebellion

A
  1. Leipzing Debate 2. wanted to see the consequences of new theology and convinced he was doing God’s work 3. moved into defined break with church (three pamplets) 4. excommunicated
21
Q

quickening rebellion: Leipizing Debate

A

contravsery reached turning point, Eck (forced Luther to move beyond induglence and deny power of council and pope, indentified luther’s ideas with hus)

22
Q

qquickening Rebellion: moved into defined break with church (three pamplets)

A
  1. Addres to nobility (Called on German princes to create new German church and over throw papcy) 2. Babylonian captivity of church (attack sacramanetal system, holding followers captvity) 3. Freedom of Christian man (faith bring salvation instead of good works)
23
Q

qquickening Rebellion: excommunicated

A

excommunicated because Luther wouldn’t accpet this disagreeing teachings, summoned to appear before Reichstrag in Worms (expected to didscow his doctrines and refused) edit of worms (luther was an outlaw, his works burned, and bourgh to emperor but went to Watburg and hid there)

24
Q

Rise of Lutheranism

A
  1. New Testmanet (at Watsburg, translated New Testant into German, copies spread) 2. Ideas spreading 3. pamplets with pictures of pope as hideous antichrist 4. use of music as means to teach gosepl
25
Q

Rise of Luthernaism: ideas spreading

A

not by written world (sme were illiterate), sermons (teaching spirciture and return to original message of bible, favor in Germany, after sermons were debates, reform institued by state authrotiesi)

26
Q

spread of Luther’s ideas (Germany)

A
  1. spread to northern, central, and southern germany 2. in germany, most of the early converts were from the clergy of the upper class (this made it easier for them to work with ruling elites)
27
Q

challenges

A
  1. own people in Wittenburg (Carlstrandt initate radical reform) 2. opposition from older Christian humanists (at the start supported then didn’t because threatended the unity of CHristedom, Eramus) 3. younger CHristian humanists significant role (Melan Chltron was a supporter) 4. Peasnt War
28
Q

challgens (peasnt war)

A
  1. social disconnect (no importment, absuing peasnsts, new demand for tax), though Luther would support them but Munzer did 2. Luther’s reaction: against it, ordered German kings to kill them (needed support of princes for reform), blaimed them (rulers are supposed to keep the peace)
29
Q

Organizing the Church

A
  1. sacrmanets becoming refiined 2. emphasis on spircture 2. difficulty of establishing reformed church 3. institue new ligious services to replace Mass (vernacular litergacy, bible reading, preaching word of God, song)
30
Q

Organizing the Church (sacrmanets becoming refiined)

A

only skpet sacrmants batpism (singificant rebirth through grace) and lord’s supper (denied transbustation)

31
Q

sacrmants beliefs compared to Luther and church

A

CHURCH: merit earning works
LUTHER: divenly establihsed signs signifiying promise of salvation

32
Q

transbustation

A

bread and win consumsed and then transform into body and blood of jesus

33
Q

Organizing the Church (emphasis on spircture)

A

reject belief that authroity of scripture must be suppemented by traditions and deecrees of church, the word of god is suffiecnt authroity (followers of God were their priests

34
Q

priest hood

A

followers of God = own priests (hierachal of priesthood was no longer neccessary)

35
Q

Orgahnizing church (difficulty of establishing reformed church )

A

difficulty of establishing reformed church led to the belief that a tangible and organized church was needed, relied on princes and state authroities to oragnize and guide new luterhanism reformed chuch (secular authroities in Germany held an importnat role in church affairs, German states became Lutheranism)

36
Q

Charles I

A

king of spain, holy Roman Emperor (as Charles V), ruled over vast empire (extent of possessions relfected in languages he used), four major problesm (french, papcy, turks, Germay’s internal situion), problems gave rise ot Luther’s movement in time to grown and organize

37
Q

Charles I (political and religious ambitions)

A

POLITICAL: wanted to maintain control
RELIGIOUSLY: wanted to preserve unity of Catholic Church

38
Q

French and papcy

A
  1. rivarly with Francis (French Valois) 2. papal 3. Ottoman empire
39
Q

rivarly with Francis

A

conflict with Charles over terriotires (haspbsurg Valois Wars), conflict with Francis I didin’t allow Charles to concentrate on Luther problem

40
Q

papal

A

throught it would deal with luther but papal guided by political considerations (pope can against religious interests because of political situations, pope celemtn VII joined Franics I in Hapbsurg Valosis wars then Charles army went crazy while attacking rome then church got scared and clement joined Charle’s side

41
Q

ottoman empire

A

ottoman amries took control of North African cost, suleiman the Mag (killed King Louis of Hungary), overurn Huntary then Austria then repelled in Vienna

42
Q

Politics in Germany

A

German (terriotial states, became indepdnent of imperial authroity,, didn’t want emepror) lutheran problem: (diet of Aughburg, schmalkadlic league), Charles sought out compriess instead of war with proestant authroites (fighting with others and another Hasburg Valosis Wars kept charles occupited with military campgians, then peace with Franics and Turks and opporuntiy to resolve luther probm), not able to establish compromise (battle wiht Proetsatnst, charles was at highest point, Proetsatnsat doomed, battle of Buhlberg), rise of Proetstains, then peace of Augbsurg

43
Q

Politics in Germany (rise of protestants)

A

schkematic league reestablished, Germa princes were allies with Henry II (French, revived war), true with rpinces (charles abanond German affairs)

44
Q

Peace of Aufburg

A

end of religious wars, dvision of cHRistianity acknolwedge, Lutheranism was equal standing with Catholisticsm German rule able to determine religion of subjects, Charles V vision of unity burst

45
Q

Augustmans

A

(emaphsis, preaching to lay people)

ape unit 2 (9 decks)

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