Abstracts 2016 #1

Question 1

According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),

Which breeds were most commonly affected?

Answer 1

Cocker spaniels and scottish terriers (7/14 dogs)

Question 2

According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),

What were the most common clinical sign?

What (counterintuitive) sign did no dogs present with?

Answer 2

Halitosis (14/14)

Mandibular lymphadenopathy (11/14)

oral pain (9/14)

imappetance/difficulty eating (6/14)

NO DOG HAD A FEVER

Question 3

According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),

What was the most common historical finding in affected dogs?

Answer 3

Recent dental extractions (63.3% of cases)

Question 4

According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),

What were exclusion criteria?

Answer 4

neoplasia, electric burns and radiation therapy

Question 5

According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),

What was the ratio of maxilla to mandible?

Answer 5

60% in the maxilla, 40% in the mandible

Question 6

According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),

Which radiograph would be an accurate representation of the amount of pathology?

Answer 6

Mandibular rad.

maxillary rads don’t correlate well with CT or surgical explorational extent of disease.

Question 7

According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).

Hown many patients and sites were found over the 25 years?

Answer 7

13 patients, 15 sites

Question 8

According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).

How many sites were considered secondary to dental extraction?

Answer 8

3

Question 9

According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).

What is the difference in this paper between ONJ and ORNJ?

Answer 9

Osteonecrosis of the jaw was considered with tumor recurrence (5 cases)

osteoradionecrosis of the jaw was considered when there was no tumor recurrence

Question 10

According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).

Relative to the target field, where were lesions located and how many?

Answer 10

8 in the radiation region

4 in an adjacent area of tissue

1 in the contralateral mandible

Question 11

According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).

What was the time to onset from treatment

Range

median

mean

Answer 11

Range 2-44 months

median 9.8 months

mean 12.4 months

Question 12

According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).

Below what dose of radiation is the risk considered low in people?

Answer 12

60 Gy

Question 13

According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).

What are other identified risk factors in people?

Answer 13

• Co-60 RT,
• high total doses,
• short regimens with higher dose/fraction,
• large field size

Question 14

According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).

What factors are associated with lower risk?

Answer 14

• megavoltage RT (higher energy than orthovoltage)
• continuous hyperfractionated (more smaller fractions with less down time between)
• corticosteroid use during treatment

Question 15

According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).

What imaging modality would be the most likely to correlate well with true findings in this lesion?

Question 16

According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).

Assuming there has been no tumor recurrence in this lesion found in a previously irradiated field,

When performing surgical debridement of this lesion, what signs would tell you that debridement is complete?

Answer 16

Normal appearing bone that bleeds readily.

Question 17

According to Soukup JW, Snyder CJ. in Traumatic Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Injuries in Cats: Overview of diagnosis and management,

What is the most common TDI in cats?

Answer 17

Enamel-dentin-pulp fracture

Question 18

Soukup JW, Snyder CJ. Traumatic Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Injuries in Cats: Overview of diagnosis and management

How prevalent are TDI’s in HEALTHY patients?

Answer 18

27% of healthy cats and dogs have a TDI

Question 19

Soukup JW, Snyder CJ. Traumatic Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Injuries in Cats: Overview of diagnosis and management

How prevalent are TDIs in cases of maxillofacial trauma?

Answer 19

72% of cases have a TDI

Question 20

According to Collins CJ, Hetzel SJ, Siverling S, Ploeg HL, Soukup JW. in

Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,

What was performed in this study?

Answer 20

Measured dies from crowns with a laser scanner to evaluate surface area, and then used physical measurements to create a mathematical model to predict a crown pre’s surface area.

Question 21

According to Collins CJ, Hetzel SJ, Siverling S, Ploeg HL, Soukup JW. in

Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,

What 2 shapes were the best approximation?

Answer 21

Right elliptical frustrum (cone with amputated tip)

Right elliptical cone

Question 22

According to Collins CJ, Hetzel SJ, Siverling S, Ploeg HL, Soukup JW. in

Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,

Why do the not recommend using the best models chairside in clinical practice?

Answer 22

require laser scanning (elliptical frustrum) and complicated computer software mathematics

Question 23

According to Collins CJ, Hetzel SJ, Siverling S, Ploeg HL, Soukup JW. in

Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,

What is the recommended model to use in clinical practice, why?

Answer 23

Circular cone - only requires 2 measurements and simple equation

need major base diameter and height

Question 24

According to Collins CJ, Hetzel SJ, Siverling S, Ploeg HL, Soukup JW. in

Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,

What other 2 shapes provided an accurate estimate, and what is the drawback to using them chairside?

Answer 24

Right pyramidal cone and circular frustrum

both need 3 measurements and equations are more difficult.

Question 25

According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite ('parrot mouth') in 73 foals (1999-2013) Which lines in the photo below represent overbite and overjet? Describe the difference.

Answer 25

AB Overjet CD overbite overjet is how far the labial surface is rostral to where it should be (i.e. in line with labial surface of the mandibular incisors.) Overbite is how far the occlusal surface is from where it should be (i.e. occluding with the mandibular incisors)

Question 26

According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite ('parrot mouth') in 73 foals (1999-2013) What was done in this study?

Answer 26

restrospective looking at correction of MAL2 in foals using a device like this. orthodontic wires and an incline plane

Question 27

According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite ('parrot mouth') in 73 foals (1999-2013) What surgical and post op complications were seen?

Answer 27

surgical - bleeding major palatine arteries post-op - device hurt mare's udder permanent incisors abnormal eruption in 7 valve diastema between maxillary 07's and 08's in ALL foals

Question 28

According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite ('parrot mouth') in 73 foals (1999-2013) in what proportion of overbites and overjets did treatment reduce the malocclusion?

Answer 28

Overjet 95% Overbite 90%

Question 29

According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite ('parrot mouth') in 73 foals (1999-2013) What proportion of foals had a complete reduction of overjet and what proportion had a reduction to \<5mm overjet?

Answer 29

25% complete reduction 51% to \<5mm (functionally corrected)

Question 30

According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite ('parrot mouth') in 73 foals (1999-2013) What factors had a positive impact on treatment?

Answer 30

starting at an early age increased severity at diagnosis had a positive association with rate of correction

Question 31

According to Heidenreich D, Gradner G, Kneissl S, Dupre G. Nasopharyngeal Dimensions From Computed Tomography of Pugs and French Bulldogs With Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome. Which breed had the smaller airway?

Answer 31

The pug

Question 32

According to Heidenreich D, Gradner G, Kneissl S, Dupre G. Nasopharyngeal Dimensions From Computed Tomography of Pugs and French Bulldogs With Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome. In what location was the airway the smallest?

Answer 32

Dorsal to the caudal end of the soft palate

Question 33

According to Heidenreich D, Gradner G, Kneissl S, Dupre G. Nasopharyngeal Dimensions From Computed Tomography of Pugs and French Bulldogs With Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome. Which breed has the larger and thicker soft palate?

Answer 33

french bulldog

Question 34

According to Suske A, Poschke A, Schrock P, Kirschner S, Brockmann M, Staszyk C. Infundibula of equine maxillary cheek teeth. Part 1: Development, blood supply and infundibular cementogenesis. Why is the mesial infundibulum more prone to incomplete cementogenesis?

Answer 34

central artery supplying bloodflow for genetation of cementum is destroyed at eruption. lateral arteries located more coronally, and destroyed soon after eruption for mesial infundibulum, wheras the distal infundibulum has a more apically located artery which persists for longer after eruption.

Question 35

According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats, What was performed in this study?

Answer 35

- harvested fat from 9 cats with non responsive FCGS. - grew mesenchymal stem cells from them and injected them IV back into the cats. - repeated injection after 1 month - 20 million stem cells per injection measured response to treatment via blood markers, histopath and a clinical scorinng system

Question 36

According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats, what T cell changes are seen in cats with stomatitis?

Answer 36

High CD8+ cells and a low CD4:CD8 ratio

Question 37

According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats, What are the immunomodulatory mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells?

Answer 37

* MSCs inhibit T-cell proliferation, * alter B-cell function, * downregulate MHC II on antigen-presenting cells, * inhibit dendritic cell maturation and differentiation

Question 38

According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats, what cytokine change was seen in cats that responded?

Answer 38

increase in serum IL-6

Question 39

According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats, what proportion of cats had a cure or significant improvement?

Answer 39

5/7 or 71%

Question 40

According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats, What T cell change was predictive of response to therapy?

Answer 40

low percentage of CD8+ lo cells predicted response to therapy

Question 41

According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats, Succesful ASC treatment resulted in what 5 outcomes?

Answer 41

* (a) complete clinical remission or reduction in clinical disease severity, * (b) histologic resolution of the oral lesions, * (c) reduction of total circulating CD8+ T cells (and increased CD8lo cells), * (d) resolution of neutrophilia and reduction of serum proinflammatory cytokine concentrations (IL-1b and IFN-g), and * (e) increases in serum IL-6 levels.

Question 42

According to Chinkangsadarn T, Wilson GJ, Greer RM, Pollitt CC, Bird PS. in An abattoir survey of equine dental abnormalities in Queensland, Australia, What were the 4 most common abnormalities identified, in order of prevalence?

Answer 42

Sharp enamel points Hooks Wave mouth periodontal pockets

Question 43

According to Chinkangsadarn T, Wilson GJ, Greer RM, Pollitt CC, Bird PS. in An abattoir survey of equine dental abnormalities in Queensland, Australia, Identify the equine abnormality in b (arrows and star), c and d.

Answer 43

a. normal b. hook and sharp enamel points c step d. diastemata and periodontal pockets. N.B. Wave mouth not shown

Question 44

Schwabenlander M, Stepaniuk K, Carstensen M, Armien AG. Brain, Craniofacial, and Dental Lesions of a Free-ranging Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) Implicated in a Human Attack in Minnesota, USA.

Answer 44

•A wolf implicated in a human attack had a messed up skull, dentition and brain.