Ac2.2 Flashcards
(16 cards)
What are the aims of sentencing?
Retribution
Rehabilitation
Public Protection
Deterrence
Reparation
What is retribution?
Revenge or vengence
It states that the punishment must be proportionate to the crime committed
Offenders deserve the punishment
Society shows disapproval to the offender
What are the criticisms of retribution?
It doesn’t allow for forgiveness or second chances
Transaction from offence to punishment
Doesn’t allow for mitigating factors
What theories link to retribution?
Right realism
Functionalism
What is Rehabilitation?
Used to change offenders mindset
Help them live a crime free life
Education programmes and work/training to address the cause of someone’s criminality
What are the criticisms of rehabilitation?
Problems with money and resources
Still high rate of reoffending
Marxism = no means for work
Right realist= too lenient, they believe they need punishment
What theories link to rehabilitation?
Individualistic theories - learning and personality
What is Public Protection or Incapacitation?
Removing the offender from society to prevent or reduce future harm
Removing the capability of an offender- restricting them
What are the criticisms of Public protection?
Overcrowding, hygiene, space in prisons
Doesn’t deal with the cause of crime just removes them from society
Short term answer
What theories link to Public protection?
Right realism
Biological theories
What is deterrence ?
It is a way of prevent offending through coercion or fear
General deterrence is society preventing from offending first time
Individual deterrence is the offender themselves are prevented from reoffending
What are the criticisms of deterrence?
High rate of reoffending
Crime is not a rational weigh up between costs and benefits
What theories link to Deterrence?
Rational Choice Theory
Target Hardening- displacement
Zero tolerance
What is reparation?
Rebuilding broken bonds in society through material harm or social harm.
Material harm - unpaid work or fine
Social harm- restorative justice, offenders meet with victim
What are the criticisms of reparation?
Wouldn’t work for every crime such as murder
Creates more harm by using restorative justice
What theories link to reparation?
Labelling theory
Functionalism
