Ac3.2

Question 1

What are Institutional Tactics?

Answer 1

Certain institutions have methods in coercing behaviour= reward- encourages behaviour, punish- discourages behaviour.
The criminal justice system has sanctions for going against the rules.
Token economy is a behaviour modification technique, earned privileges and punishments for breaking prison rules

Question 2

What are the Environmental tactics?

Answer 2

Oscar Newman
C. R Jeffrey and CPTED

Question 3

What was Oscar Newmans Environmental tactic?

Answer 3

He found defensible and indefensible spaces.
Defensible spaces are:
- Territoriality
- Surveillance
- Safe Image
- Protected Location
- and the panopticon was designed for total surveillance so the offenders would worry that they’re always being watched.
Indefensible spaces are those that are more likely to create crimes such as a poorly lit alleyway.

Question 4

What was C. R Jeffrey’s first Environmental tactic?

Answer 4

He used Newmans idea about space and developed CPTED ‘Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design’.
1.) Alice Coleman’s Research found that eveyrone should be given
Private Gardens ( Territoriality and Safe Image),
Remove Overhead Walkways (Surveillance)
No More Flats ( Safe Image and Protected Location)

Question 5

What was C. R Jeffrey’s second Environmental tactic?

Answer 5

2.) Secured by Design - a home office scheme to reduce crime.

Question 6

What was C. R Jeffrey’s third Environmental tactic?

Answer 6

Gated Lanes- this is to reduce the reward of crime and provides guardianship, not a preventive measure.

Question 7

How does the Right Realist Theory link to Environmental tactics?

Answer 7

Situational Crime Prevention
Rational Choice

Question 8

What are Behavioural Tactics?