Ace Inhibitors

Question 1

What should be monitored when a patient is on ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists?

Answer 1

Blood pressure, renal function, serum electrolytes

Regular monitoring is essential to identify potential side effects and complications.

Question 2

What are warning signs that patients should be aware of while on ACE inhibitors?

Answer 2

• Jaundice or marked elevation of hepatic enzymes
• Dizziness, light-headedness on standing, blurred vision
• Abnormal renal function
• Water retention

These signs indicate potential serious side effects that require immediate medical attention.

Question 3

What actions should patients take if they experience warning signs while on ACE inhibitors?

Answer 3

Report immediately to a doctor

Quick reporting can prevent serious complications.

Question 4

What percentage of people experience a dry cough when taking ACE inhibitors?

Answer 4

Approximately 1 in 10 people

The cough may take 8 to 12 weeks to resolve after stopping the medication.

Question 5

How often should patients have routine blood tests after initiating treatment with ACE inhibitors?

Answer 5

1 to 2 weeks after initiating treatment and 1 to 2 weeks after each dose increase

This helps monitor renal function and serum electrolytes.

Question 6

When should the first dose of ACE inhibitors preferably be given?

Answer 6

At bedtime

This timing helps reduce the risk of side effects associated with blood pressure changes.

Question 7

What should patients be advised regarding fluid intake while on ACE inhibitors?

Answer 7

Drink adequate (not excessive) volumes of fluid each day

Proper hydration is important to avoid dehydration and acute kidney injury.

Question 8

When should patients temporarily stop taking ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists?

Answer 8

During sick days, diarrhoea, vomiting, fever, sweats, and shaking

These conditions can lead to dehydration and increase the risk of kidney injury.

Question 9

What effect do ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists have on lithium concentration?

Answer 9

They increase the concentration of lithium

This necessitates careful monitoring of lithium levels to avoid toxicity.

Question 10

What effect do ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists have on serum potassium levels?

Answer 10

They increase serum potassium

Concurrent use with other potassium-increasing drugs heightens the risk of hyperkalaemia.

Question 11

What is the risk associated with the concurrent use of ACE inhibitors and aliskiren?

Answer 11

Increased risk of renal impairment

Combining these medications requires careful monitoring due to potential kidney issues.