acid/base

Question 1

lung chemicals

Answer 1

CO2 - acid

Question 2

kidney chemicals

Answer 2

H - acid

HCO3 - base

Question 3

how long does it take kidneys to compensate?

Answer 3

hours to days, but efficiently

Question 4

how long does it take lungs to compensate?

Answer 4

occurs quickly, but less efficiently than kidneys

Question 5

respiratory acidosis

problem organ

Answer 5

lung

Question 6

respiratory acidosis

problem chemical

Answer 6

too much CO2 (acid)

Question 7

respiratory acidosis

hypoventilating or hyperventilating?

Answer 7

hypoventilating

Question 8

respiratory acidosis

compensatory organ

Answer 8

kidneys

Question 9

respiratory acidosis

how will compensating organ work?

Answer 9

kidneys
excrete H
retain HCO3

Question 10

respiratory acidosis

pH high or low?

Answer 10

low

Question 11

respiratory acidosis

cause + how

Answer 11

CO2 retention

• mid-abdominal incision
• narcotics (decreased…
• sleeping pills …RR)
• pneumothorax (lungs can’t…
• collapsed lung …expand/contract properly)
• pneumonia (improper gas exchange(

Question 12

respiratory acidosis

s/s

Answer 12

headache, confused, sleepy
if not corrected, coma
s/s hypoxia

Question 13

early s/s of hypoxia

Answer 13

restlessness & tachycardia

Question 14

respiratory acidosis

tx

Answer 14

fix the breathing problem!

- treat pneumonia, postural drainage, percussion, deep breathing, suctioning, fluids, elevate HOB, IS, chest tubes

Question 15

respiratory alkalosis

problem organ

Answer 15

lungs

Question 16

respiratory alkalosis

compensatory organ

Answer 16

kidneys

Question 17

respiratory alkalosis

problem chemical

Answer 17

not enough CO2 (acid)

Question 18

respiratory alkalosis

how will compensatory organ work?

Answer 18

kidneys;
retain H
excrete HCO3

Question 19

respiratory alkalosis

gaining or losing CO2?

Answer 19

losing

Question 20

respiratory alkalosis

hyperventilating or hypoventilating?

Answer 20

hyperventilating

Question 21

respiratory alkalosis

cause + how

Answer 21

insufficient CO2 (hyperventilating)

• hysterical
• acute aspirin overdose

Question 22

acute aspirin overdose (results in what acid/base issue and why?)

Answer 22

respiratory alkalosis

- triggers respiratory center in brain resulting in hyperventilation

Question 23

respiratory alkalosis

s/s

Answer 23

cerebral vasoconstriction

• lightheaded
• faint
• peri-oral numbness

numbness/tingling in fingers and toes

Question 24

respiratory alkalosis

tx

Answer 24

DO NOT WAIT UNTIL KIDNEYS KICK IN

• breathe into paper bag
• sedate client to decrease RR
• treat cause
• monitor ABG

Question 25

respiratory acidosis OR alkalosis, the problem is...

Answer 25

CO2 (acid)

Question 26

restlessness = think

Answer 26

hypoxia first!`

Question 27

metabolic acidosis | problem organ

Answer 27

kidneys

Question 28

metabolic acidosis | compensatory organ

Answer 28

lungs

Question 29

metabolic acidosis | how compensatory organ works

Answer 29

respiratory rate will increase to blow off CO2 (acid)

Question 30

metabolic acidosis | problem chemicals

Answer 30

retaining H+ | does not have enough bicarb

Question 31

metabolic acidosis | pH low or high?

Answer 31

low

Question 32

metabolic acidosis | causes + how x4

Answer 32

DKA starvation - cells starving for glucose = breakdown of protein, fat = ketones = acids ``` renal failure severe diarrhea (base in lower GI tract lost) ```

Question 33

metabolic acidosis | s/s

Answer 33

depends on the cause - hyperkalemia - increased respiratory rate

Question 34

metabolic acidosis | s/s hyperkalemia

Answer 34

muscle twitching, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, arrhythmias

Question 35

metabolic acidosis | tx

Answer 35

treat the cause (insulin, eat, anti-diarrhea)

Question 36

metabolic acidosis | helpful drug + action

Answer 36

IV push Na bicarb - won't fix problem, buys time to correct real problem

Question 37

metabolic alkalosis | problem organ

Answer 37

kidneys

Question 38

metabolic alkalosis | compensatory organ

Answer 38

lungs

Question 39

metabolic alkalosis | compensatory organ works how

Answer 39

decrease RR to retain CO2

Question 40

metabolic alkalosis | problem chemicals

Answer 40

retaining HCO3 | excreting H

Question 41

metabolic alkalosis | pH high or low?

Answer 41

high

Question 42

metabolic alkalosis | causes

Answer 42

loss of upper GI contents (ng tube, vomit) too many antacids too much IV bicarb

Question 43

metabolic alkalosis | s/s

Answer 43

depends on cause! - alterations in LOC - decreased serum K - monitor for muscle cramps and life threatening arrhythmia

Question 44

metabolic alkalosis | tx

Answer 44

fix the problem | replace K+

Question 45

metabolic alkalosis + K

Answer 45

hypokalemia

Question 46

metabolic acidosis + K

Answer 46

hyperkalemia

Question 47

ABG: compensated

Answer 47

pH normal pCO2 wack pHCO3 wack

Question 48

ABG: uncompensated

Answer 48

pH wack pCO2 normal pHCO3 normal

Question 49

ABG: partially compensated

Answer 49

pH wack pCO2 wack pHCO3 wack