oncology

Question 1

blom-singer device

Answer 1

used for laryngectomy (vocal cords, epiglottis, thyroid cartilage removed) which is a laryngeal cancer treatment

connection between trachea and esophagus - stick plastic/finger in fistula and air diverted from trachea to esophagus and out of mouth

• breathe out of neck

Question 2

most frequent mets for colorectal cancer

Answer 2

liver

Question 3

definitive test for colorectal cancer

Answer 3

colonoscopy

Question 4

fecal occult blood testing should begin when?

Answer 4

50

colorectal cancer

Question 5

flexible sigmoidoscopy when?

Answer 5

every 5 years after age 50

colorectal cancer

Question 6

colonoscopy when?

Answer 6

every 10 years after age 50

colorectal cancer

Question 7

colectomy

Answer 7

part of colon removed

colorectal cancer

Question 8

abdominoperineal resection

Answer 8

removal of colon, anus, rectum

colorectal cancer

Question 9

greatest risk factor for bladder cancer

Answer 9

smoking - nicotine irritates lining

Question 10

ileal conduit

Answer 10

piece of ileum turned into a bladder, ureters placed on one end, other end is brought to abdominal surface as stoma

Question 11

major symptom of bladder cancer

Answer 11

painless intermittent gross/microscopic hematuria

Question 12

benign prostatic hyperplasia s/s

Answer 12

hesitancy, frequency, frequent infection (bladder not completely emptied), nocturia, urgency, dribbling

• many men are asymptomatic
• men with prostate cancer present this way

Question 13

most common sign of prostate cancer

Answer 13

painless hematuria

Question 14

diagnostic lab for prostate cancer & when

Answer 14

PSA, less than 4 ng/mL

with 2+ 1st degree relatives who had prostate cancer, start testing at age 45

Question 15

radical prostatectomy

Answer 15

take out prostate = removal of cancer (localized prostate cancer)

may have ED due to pudendal nerve damage, incontinence

Question 16

most popular prostatic surgery in the S

Answer 16

TURP - transurethral resection of the prostate

Question 17

TURP

Answer 17

transurethral resection of the prostate - for BPH (helps urine flow) and prostate cancer (not a cure)

• symptomatic relief of sx
• allows urine to flow out

no incision, bleeding normal after surgery, continuous bladder irrigation to maintain patency and flush out clots

Question 18

bacterium associated with stomach cancer

Answer 18

H Pylori

Question 19

higher instance of stomach cancer in people with x2

Answer 19

pernicious anemia

achlorhydria

Question 20

female: self-breast exam over age 20 frequency

Answer 20

monthly

Question 21

women
clinical breast exam
- over age 40 frequency
- age 20-39 frequency

Answer 21

yearly

every 3 years

Question 22

pelvic exam and pap smears: frequency

Answer 22

annually

every 3 years with no problem

Question 23

women

mammogram frequency and at what age?

Answer 23

yearly starting at age 40

Question 24

men and women!

colonoscopy: when and frequency

Answer 24

every 10 years starting at age 50

Question 25

men: self-breast exam frequency

Answer 25

monthly

Question 26

testicular exams when?

Answer 26

monthly - tumors grow rapidly

Question 27

digital rectal exam and PSA: age and frequency

Answer 27

for men over age 50, yearly

Question 28

brachytherapy

Answer 28

internal radiation - radioactive source is inside the client | sealed vs unsealed

Question 29

unsealed brachytherapy

Answer 29

client and body fluid emit radiation for 24-48 hours | given IV or PO

Question 30

sealed brachytherapy

Answer 30

client emits radiation, body fluids not radioactive | implanted close to/in tumor - does emit radiation to general environment

Question 31

teleptherapy

Answer 31

external radiation/beam therapy

Question 32

don't forget that clients with brachytherapy are...

Answer 32

IMMUNOSUPPRESSED!

Question 33

if brachytherapy implant becomes dislodged do what?

Answer 33

- put on gloves - use forceps/tongs to pick up - place in lead-lined container - call environmental services

Question 34

chemotherapy basics

Answer 34

works on cell cycle usually scheduled q3-4 weeks most drugs given IV via port, absorb through skin and mucus membranes

Question 35

vesicant chemo

Answer 35

type that will cause tissue necrosis upon extravasation

Question 36

if chemo extravasation think

Answer 36

VASOCONSTRICTION: cold - prevent spread

Question 37

for chemo patients, slight increase in temp may mean

Answer 37

SEPSIS! can just be low grade!

Question 38

most important lab value for chemo patients

Answer 38

absolute neutrophil count

Question 39

risk factors for cervical cancer

Answer 39

``` #1: HPV multiple sexual partner, repeated STD, smoking/exposure to second hand smoke, dietary factors, prolonged hormonal therapy, family history, immunosuppression, sex and/or first pregnancy at young age, multiple pregnancies ```

Question 40

test to diagnose cervical cancer

Answer 40

pap smear

Question 41

conization

Answer 41

remove part of cervix cervical cancer

Question 42

uterine cancer risk factors

Answer 42

``` 50+ estrogen therapy without progesterone family hx late menopause no pregnancy (infertility increases risk) ```

Question 43

major symptom of uterine cancer

Answer 43

post-menopausalbleeding

Question 44

uterine cancer aka

Answer 44

endometrial cancer

Question 45

CA-125 blood test

Answer 45

rules out ovarian involvement with uterine cancer

Question 46

most definitive diagnostic test for uterine cancer

Answer 46

D&C and endometrial biopsy

Question 47

total abdominal hysterectomy

Answer 47

uterus and cervix removed

Question 48

oophorectomy

Answer 48

ovaries removed

Question 49

salpingectomy

Answer 49

fallopian tubes removed

Question 50

why do you avoid high fowler's position in post-hysterectomy client?

Answer 50

blood goes to pelvis

Question 51

breast cancer risk increases 3 fold if

Answer 51

1st degree relative had pre-menopausal breast cancer

Question 52

breast cancer risk factors

Answer 52

high dose radiation to thorax before age 20, period before age 12, menopause after age 50, no pregnancy, first birth greater than 30 years old

Question 53

48% of breast tumors occur here

Answer 53

Tail of Spence (upper outer quadrant by axilla)

Question 54

breast tumors depend on what hormone?

Answer 54

estrogen

Question 55

leading cause of cancer death worldwide

Answer 55

lung

Question 56

lobectomy

Answer 56

take out part of lung | - chest tubes, surgical side up

Question 57

pneumonectomy

Answer 57

whole lung taken out - position on affected side (surgical side down, good lung up) - no chest tubes (no pleural space) - avoid severe lateral positioning to avoid mediastinal shift

Question 58

surgical treatment for laryngeal cancer

Answer 58

total laryngectomy (removal of vocal cords, epiglottis, thyroid, cartilage) + permanent tracheostomy (stoma in neck not oropharynx)