medsplosion Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
while on warfarin limit…
A
green leafy vegetables and foods high in vitamin K (antidote to coumadin)
2
Q
antidote to coumadin
A
vitamin K
3
Q
warfarin: class
A
anticoagulant
4
Q
heparin: class
A
anticoagulant
5
Q
enoxaparin: class
A
anticoagulant
6
Q
if heparin and warfarin are being given together…
A
bridge therapy - heparin covers for anticoagulation while Coumadin is reaching therapeutic levels
7
Q
furosemide: class
A
loop diuretic
8
Q
hydrochlorothiazide: class
A
potassium-wasting diuretic
9
Q
spironolactone: class
A
potassium-sparing diuretic
10
Q
calcium gluconate for what + how
A
hypermagnesemia
reverses decreased RR and potential arrhythmias
11
Q
calcitonin for what + how
A
hypercalcemia; decreases serum Ca by returning Ca to the bones
- typically used for osteoporosis
12
Q
Kayexalate
A
sodium poylystyrene sulfonate
- given for hyperkalemia
- exchanges Na for K in GI tract = VOLUMINOUS DIARRHEA!
13
Q
do not give beta blockers to… x2
A
asthmatics or diabetics
- block catecholamine sites (epi, NE)
14
Q
amiodarone (Cordarone): class
A
anti-arrhythmic
15
Q
amiodarone + thyroid
A
contains high levels of iodine and may affect thyroid function
16
Q
prophythiouracil (PTU): class
A
anti-thyroid
17
Q
methimazole (Tapazole): class
A
anti-thyroid
18
Q
fludrocortisone (Florinef)
A
mineralocorticoid replacement - aldosterone
- daily weights very important
- given for addison’s disease
19
Q
glipizide (Glucotrol): class
A
anti-diabetic
20
Q
metformin (Glucophage): class
A
anti-diabetic
21
Q
pioglitazone (Actos): class
A
anti-diabetic
22
Q
sitagliptin (Januvia): class
A
anti-diabetic
23
Q
D50W
A
for unconscious diabetic in hospital
requires large bore IV
24
Q
injectable glucagon (GlucaGen)
A
for unconscious diabetic in hospital with no IV access
given IM
25
nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) given for
angina
26
beta blockers given for
angina prevention
| hyperthyroidism (decrease HR, BP, anxiety)
27
Ca channel blockers given for
angina prevention
28
epinephrine class
vasopressor
29
streptokinase (Streptase) class
fibrinolytic
30
alteplase (t-PA) class
fibrinolytic
| and other -ase drugs
31
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) class
anti-platelet
32
clopidogrel (Plavix) class
anti-platelet
33
abciximab (ReoPro IV) class
anti-platelet
34
eptifibatide (Integrilin IV)
anti-platelet
35
oxytocin/Pitocin
used to halt excessive postpartum hemorrhage
also augment contractions
36
methylergonovine maleate/Methergine
used to halt excessive postpartum hemorrhage
37
carboprost tromethamine/Hemabate
used to halt excessive postpartum hemorrhage
38
phytonadione/Aquamephyton
Vitamin K - given to newborns to promote formation of clotting factors
39
Rho(D) immunoglobulin/RhoGAM
given to Rh- mom before she develops Rh antibodies in response to Rh+ baby
40
methotrexate
given to mom experiencing ectopic pregnancy to stop growth of embryo to save fallopian tube
41
magnesium sulfate
anticonvulsant, sedative, vasodilator drug of choice given for preeclampsia
42
drug of choice for heart failure
ACE inhibitor
43
potassium increasing agents (mnemonic)
```
K sparing diuretic
B eta blocker
A CE inhibitor
N SAID
K supplement
```
44
sulfa drugs aka
sulfonamides
45
diuretics that should only be given with adequate renal perfusion
thiazides!
46
diuretic okay to give with low renal perfusion
loop
47
potassium sparing diuretics x2
spironolactone
| triamterene
48
triamterene: class
potassium sparing diuretic
49
side effect
physiological effect unrelated to intended effect - usually not life threatening
measures can be taken to eliminate or alleviate; associate with nursing interventions!
50
adverse effect
more severe than side effect - can range from mild to severe; always undesired
always report to provider!!
51
toxic effect
medication exceeds therapeutic level due to
- overdosing
- accumulation
most often identified by monitoring blood level (think: therapeutic range)
monitor for specific s/s toxicity
always report to provider!!
52
ACE inhibitors
| for, last name
hypertension, heart failure
| - pril
53
anti-lipemic
| for, last name
lower cholesterol and triglyceride
| - statin
54
anti-viral
| for, last name
viral infections including HIV
| - vir
55
benzos
| for, last name
anxiolytic, sedative hypnotic, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant
- pam
56
beta blockers
| for, last name
hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias
| - lol
57
ca channel blockers
| for, last name, exceptions x2
hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias
- pine
exceptions: diltiazem, verapamil
58
diltiazem: class
ca channel blocker
59
verapamil: class
ca channel blocker
60
glucocorticoids, corticosteroids
| for, last name
alter normal immune response, suppress inflammation, replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency, various others
- sone
61
h2 antagonists
| for, last name
suppress secretion of gastric acid, alleviate heartburn, prevent ulcers, treat GERD
- dine (ranitidine, famotidine)
62
nitrates
| for, name
vasodilation, reduce angina
nitr -
63
proton pump inhibitors
| for, last name
suppress gastric acid secretion, treat ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis
- zole
64
sulfonamides
| for, name
suppress bacterial growth, treat infections
sulf -
65
thiazide diuretics
| for, last name
hypertension, peripheral edema
- zide
66
thrombolytic
| for, last name
dissolve clots
- ase
67
thyroid hormones
| for, name
replacement therapy, hypothyroidism
thy -
68
bronchodilators
respiratory disorders causing bronchoconstriction (asthma, bronchospasm, COPD, emphysema)
- line
69
populations at greater risk for toxicity x2
older adult, neonate
70
do not administer meds with x2
antacids
| grapefruit juice
71
withholding med is only okay if...
nurse suspects adverse or toxic effect
| - immediately contact physician for ae or toxicity!
72
antidote: digoxin
digibind
73
antidote: coumadin
vitamin K
| keep PT and INR @ 1-1.5x normal
74
antidote: benzos
flumenazil
75
antidote: mag sulfate
calcium gluconate
| - reverses decreased RR and potential arrhythmias
76
antidote: heparin
protamine sulfate
| - keep aPTT and PTT @ 1.5 - 2.5x normal
77
antidote: tylenol
mucomyst
| protective for liver, kidneys, lungs
78
antidote: opiates
narcan
this includes narcotic analgesics, heroin, morphine
79
antidote: cholinergic meds (myasthenic bradycardia)
atropine
80
antidote: methotrexate
leucovorin
81
drug of choice for pinworms
mebendazole
82
dobutamine
inotrope, vasopressor
83
levophed
inotrope, vasopressor
84
antidote: narcotic
naloxone
rapid onset, duration 3-5 hours
reverses respiratory depression
85
treatment for alcohol abuse
disulfiram
| reacts with alcohol to cause flushing, headache, vomiting, palpitations, hypotension
86
treatment: drug abuse
methadone
| narcotic analgesic used to detox addicts
87
epinephrine uses x3
asthma
anaphylactic reaction
cardiac arrest
88
antidote: nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents
neostigmine (prostigmin): cholinergic agonist
| also treats myasthenia gravis
89
chlorpromazine (Thorazine): class
anti-psychotic
90
thioridazine (Mellaril): class
anti-psychotic
91
fluphenazine (Prolixin): class
anti-psychotic
92
haloperidol (Haldol): class
anti-psychotic
93
clozapine (Clozaril): class
anti-psychotic
94
risperidone (Risperdal): class
anti-psychotic
95
trihexyphenidyl (Artane): class
antiparkinsonian
96
benzatropine (Cogentin): class
anticholinergic, antiparkinsonian
97
antidote: acute alcohol withdrawal
chlordiazepoxide (Librium) antianxiolytic
98
amitriptyline: class
antidepressant
99
furosemide: moa
loop diuretic; inhibits Na, Cal reabsorption at proximal and distal tubules and ascending loop of Henle
100
heparin: moa
anticoagulant; inactivates thrombin and prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
101
heparin: side effects
hemorrhage
thrombocytopenia
hypersensitivity
nursing: check PTT to monitor effect (1.5-2x good), SQ, never piggy back
102
drug of choice for a fib, a flutter
digoxin
103
warfarin: moa
long acting anticoagulant; inhibits vitamin k-dependent clotting factors
104
proton pump inhibitor moa
decrease acid secretions
105
ranitidine class
H2 antagonist
106
famotidine
H2 anagonist
107
phenothiazines: examples & uses
-azines (chlorpromzine, fluphenazine)
psychosis, schizophrenia, mania, tourette's
108
ace inhibitors: moa
suppress RAAS - stop angiotensin I to II
results in arterial dilation, increased SV
109
arbs: moa
block angiotensin II receptors
| decrease in arterial resistance, BP
110
ace i and arb moa in common
block aldosterone = lose Na/H20, retain K+
111
digitalis (digoxin, lanoxin): moa
for sinus rhythm or a fib + chronic HF
positive inotrope, negative chronotrope
competes with K+ binding sites
high risk drug toxicity
112
terbutaline (brethine)
tocolytic
