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Flashcards in burns Deck (37)
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1
Q

increased risk of death in which age groups?

A

really old, really young

2
Q

most common airway injury (burn)

A

carbon monoxide poisoning

3
Q

rule of nines (adult)

  • head/neck
  • arms
  • trunk (back and front)
  • genitals
  • legs
A
9% - head/neck
9% - arms
18% - trunk (back and front)
1% - genitals
18% - legs
4
Q

if burn client is restless, consider which 3 problems?

A
  • inadequate fluid replacement
  • pain
  • hypoxia
5
Q

examine what to determine if fluid volume is adequate?

A

urine output

6
Q

why is there more death with upper body burns?

A

airway injury

7
Q

burn client with shallow respirations - retaining what and experiencing what imbalance?

A

CO2, acid

respiratory acidosis

8
Q

measure this hourly to ensure not overloading burn client with fluid

A

CVP - want to see slow rise of BP

9
Q

why give albumin to burn patient?

A

draws volume into the vessels

increases: vascular volume, BP, CO, workload of heart

10
Q

why are IV meds preferred to IM meds in burn clients?

A

decreased perfusion to absorb IM

acts quicker

11
Q

tetanus toxoid: type of immunity and length of time to develop

A

active, 2-4 weeks

12
Q

immune globulin: type of immunity and length of time to develop

A

passive, immediate

13
Q

escharotomy

A

cut through eschar to relieve pressure and restore circulation

14
Q

fasciotomy

A

cut deep into tissue - through eschar and fascia - relives pressure and restores circulation

15
Q

burn client circulatory check (x4)

A

pulse
color (skin)
temp (skin)
cap refill

16
Q

burn client with brown or red urine: action and what it means

A

call provider

muscle damage –> myoglobin –> could gunk up glomerulus –> kidney damage

17
Q

drug used to flush out kidneys in burn patient

A

mannitol - osmotic diuretic

18
Q

uop less than 30mL/hour in burn client, worry?

A

kidney failure

19
Q

48 hours post burn concern?

A

client will begin to diurese (if kidneys not damaged) because fluid is going back into vascular space; worry about fluid volume excess

20
Q

electrolyte imbalance frequently seen in burn patients

A

hyperkalemia because cells have lysed and expelled contents into serum

21
Q

prevent stress ulcer/Kerling’s ulcer in burn patients

A

carbonate/magnesium carbonate (Mylanta)
pantoprazole (Protonix)
famotidine (Pepcid)

22
Q

paralytic ileus in burn patients: why and treatment

A

decreased vascular volume and gi motility; hyperkalemia

treat with: NPO and NG tube hooked to suction

23
Q

labs to ensure proper nutrition and positive nitrogen balance in burn patients? x3

A

albumin (status weeks ago)
prealbumin (status today)
total protein

24
Q

superficial thickness burn

A

aka 1st degree

damage to epidermis only

25
Q

partial thickness burn

A

aka 2nd degree

damage to entire epidermis and varying depth of dermis

26
Q

full-thickness burn

A

aka 3rd degree

damage to entire dermis and sometimes fat

27
Q

1 complication with perineal burn

A

infection

28
Q

eschar

A

dead tissue, needs to be removed for tissue to regenerate

bacteria love it!

29
Q

enzymatic drugs to treat eschar in burn patients

A

sutilanis (Travase)
collagenase (Santyl)
silver sulfadiazine
“eats” dead tissue

30
Q

hydrotherapy

A

aka whirlpool therapy
eschar debridement
- give pain meds first
- worry about cross contamination

31
Q

considerations for broad spectrum abx in burn patients?

A

avoid to prevent secondary infection, superinfection

ok to use until wound cultures return

32
Q

two ae of -mycins

A

nephrotoxicity (will see increase in BUN, creat)

ototoxicity

33
Q

how often can you reharvest from a graft donor site (given patient is well nourished?)

A

every 12 - 14 days

34
Q

how long do you flush a chemical burn?

A

15 to 20 minutes

35
Q

priority for new electrical burn patient?

A

heart monitor for 24 hours

36
Q

what arrhythmia is electrical burn patient at risk for?

A

v fib

37
Q

what causes renal damage in electrical burn patient?

A

myoglobin, hemoglobin build up