Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology II > Acid Controlling Drugs > Flashcards

Acid Controlling Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

The stomach secretes what?

A

HCL
bicarbonate
pepsinogen
intrinsic factor
mucus
prostaglandins (anti inflammatory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three glands of the stomach

A

Cardiac
Pyloric
Gastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the Cells of the Gastric Glands

A

Parietal
Chief
Mucous
Endocrine
Enterochromaffin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do Parietal cells produce?

A

HCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do chief cells do?

A

break down proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do Mucous cells do?

A

protects the stomach from acidity of the stomach environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Peptic Ulcer diseasae?

A

Ulcers that involve the digestion of the GI mucosa caused by pepsin; can be casues by bacteria (H. pylori)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the treatment regime of Peptic Ulcer disease?

A

Triple therapy: 7-14 days, of proton pump inhibitors, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, or Quadruple therapy of the previous drugs + bismuth subsalicylates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Stress related Mucosal damage?

A

Due to high stress environment of hospital it causes GI lesions, GI ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the types of Acid controlling drugs?

A

Antacids
H2 antagonists
PPIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do Antacids do?

A

neutralize the stomach acidity, may contian an antiflatulant, and amgnesium to prevent contipation,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What elements are constipating?

A

aluminum and calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the Antacids you need to know for the exam?

A

calcium
containing magnesium
Sodium bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MOA of Antacids?

A

Stimulate mucus, bicarbonate, prostaglandins. these all buffer and neutralize acid secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do Antacids effect the body

A

Stops the irritation of the stomach lining, neutralizes 90% of gastric acid, raises pH 1.3-2.3 points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who needs antacids?

A

acute relief of peptic ulcers, gastritis, gastric hyperacidity, heart burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the contraindications of antacids?

A

allergy
severe renal failure
accumulation of electrolytes
obstruction (tumor, stricter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the types of Antacids?

A

Aluminum hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide
Simethicone
Combination aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide contain a local anesthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe Aluminum salts?

A

are very constipating
recommended for renal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe Magnesium salts?

A

cause diarrhea
very dangerous when pt is in renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe Calcium salts

A

may cause constipation and kidney stones
not recommended for renal disease
have a long duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe Sodium bicarbonate

A

Highly soluble
buffers acidic properties
may cause metabolic alkalosis
fast onset short duration
contains sodium may cause fluid overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which Antacid can a pt. with renal failure use?

A

Aluminum salt antacid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are Antiflatulets?

A

Helps relive painful symptoms with gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the Antiflatulents drug on the exam?

A

simethicone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Antacids AEs

A

overuse= metabolic acidosis
contipation
diarrhea
rebound hyperacididty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Interactions of Antacids

A

reduce ability to absorb meds

28
Q

When should other medications be taken if pt is taking antacids?

A

the drugs should be taken 2 hours before or after antacids

29
Q

What are H2 receptor antagonist?

A

Drugs that reduce acid secretion
inhibit 90% of acid production

30
Q

What are the H2 antagonists drugs you need to know for the exam?

A

ranitidine hydrochloride (Zantac®)
famotidine (Pepcid®)
Cimetidine

31
Q

what is the MOA of H2 Receptor antagonist’s

A

block acid producing cells,
incresas pH of stomach
relive many sympotooms of hyperacidity

32
Q

Indications of H2 receptor antagonists

A

GERDs
peptic ulcers
Erosive esophagitis
control upper GI bleeds
Zollinger Ellison syndrome

33
Q

What are the AE of H2 receptor antagonists?

A

in the elderly can cause confusion/disorientation
ED
gynecomastia
Thrombocytopenia

34
Q

H2 receptor antagonists Interactions

A

Cimetidine: affect absorption of other meds
All H2 antagonists may inhibit the absorption of drugs that require an acidic gastrointestinal environment for absorption

35
Q

What activity decreases the effectiveness of H2 Antagonists?

A

smoking, taking antacids at the same time

36
Q

What are Proton Pump Inhibitors?

A

They totally block the secretion of H+ ions from the parietal cells

37
Q

What Proton Pump Inhibitors drugs do you need to know for the exam?

A

lansoprazole (Prevacid®)
omeprazole (Losec®)
pantoprazole sodium (Pantoloc®) (only IV med)

38
Q

What is the MOA of Proton Pump Inhibitors?

A

Bind to ATPase enzyme to prevent movement of H+ ion and blocks there secretions

39
Q

What are the Indications of Proton Pump Inhibitors?

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Erosive esophagitis
Short-term treatment of active duodenal and benign gastric ulcers
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)–induced ulcers
Stress ulcer prophylaxis
Treatment of H. pylori–induced infections
Given with an antibiotic

40
Q

What are the AE of Proton Pump Inhibitors?

A

Protein pump inhibitors (PPIs) are generally well tolerated.
Possible predisposition to gastrointestinal tract infections: Clostridium difficile
Osteoporosis and risk of wrist, hip, and spine fractures in long-term users
Pneumonia
Depletion of magnesium

41
Q

What are the interactions of Proton Pump Inhibitors?

A

Increase serum levels of diazepam and phenytoin
Warfarin: increased chance of bleeding
Absorption of ketoconazole, ampicillin, iron salts, and digoxin
Copidogrel (Plavix): risk of MI, death
Sucralfate: may delay the absorption of PPIs
Food may decrease absorption of the PPIs

42
Q

Name the miscellaous Acid controlling drugs

A

sucralfate
misoprostol
Simethicone (Ovol®)

43
Q

Explain Sucralfate

A

must give 2 hrs before meds and 1 hr before meals with empty stomach
cytoprotective e drug
used for stress and peptic ulcers
attaches and binds to base of ulcers and erosions to form a barrier over them to protect them from pepsin

44
Q

Explain Misoprostol

A

Is a prostaglandin (cytoprotective)
not as effective as H2 antagonist or PPIs
used for NSAID gastric ulcers
may induce labor (don’t use of pregnant women)

45
Q

Explain Simethicone

A

is an antiflatulet
alter elasticity of mucous gas bubles
results in decreased gas pain

46
Q

What is an Example of Antacid Magnesium salt?

A

Magnesium hydroxide and mineral oil (Magnolox®)

47
Q

What is an example of Antacid Aluminum salts?

A

Magnesium hydroxide and mineral oil (Magnolox®)

48
Q

What is an example of Antacid Calcium salts?

A

Example: calcium carbonate and simethicone (Maalox, Rolaids®)

49
Q

Many antacids also contain what drug?

A

Simethicone (antiflatulent)

50
Q

What element counteracts the constipating effects of aluminum and calcium?

A

magnesium

51
Q

______ May lead to the development of kidney stones and increased gastric acid secretion

A

Calcium antacids

52
Q

_______ Must be avoided in patients with renal failure

A

Magnesium Antacids

53
Q

______ is highly soluble, has a quick onset and short DOA

A

Sodium bicarbonate

54
Q

What needs to be assessed prior to and when administering antacids?

A

Fluid disease
allergies
Renal disease
GI obstruction
HF or HTN (no sodium antacids)
Pregnancy

55
Q

When should Antacids be adminstred?

A

1-2 hours before other medications

56
Q

How can Antacids effect enteric coated medications?

A

they may cause the premature dissolving of the coating causing an upset stomach and possible decreased effect of the medication

57
Q

Why do chewable meds need to be chewed thoroughly?

A

To ensure they are broken down when they arrive in the stomach to ensure they are effective

58
Q

Antacids should be administered with _____ to ensure absorption

A

240 mL of water (except with rapid dissolve meds)

59
Q

What are the AEs of Antacids?

A

NVD, abdominal pain
Calcium products: constipation, acid rebound

60
Q

What needs to be assessed during and prior to administering H2 antagonists?

A

Allergies
Liver function
confusion
disorientation

61
Q

When should H2 antagonists be administer if the patient is also taking antacids?

A

1-2 hours before similar to all other medications

62
Q

What needs to be assessed during and prior to administration of a PPI?

A

Allergies
liver function

63
Q

PPIs may increase serum levels of what?

A

diazepam, phenytoin,

64
Q

Granules of what med may be given via NG tube?

A

pantoprazole

65
Q
A

Pharmacology II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions