Psychotherapeutic Drugs Flashcards by Nicholas Baker

What is the main purpose of Psychotherapeutic Drugs?

To treat emotional and mental disorders

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When are Psychotherapeutic Drugs considered?

When emotions significantly affect an individual’s ability to carry out normal daily functions, treatment with a psychotherapeutic drug is a possible option.

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What are three Mental Health disorders?

Anxiety
Affective Disorders
Psychotic Disorders

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What are the types of Psychotherapeutic drugs?

Anxiolytic drugs
Mood-stabilizing drugs
Antidepressant drugs
Antipsychotic drugs

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What is Anxiety?

An unpleasant state of mind characterized by a sense of dread or fear

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What may Anxiety be based on?

anticipated experiences or actual past experiences

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What are Affective Disorders?

Changes in mood that range from mania to depression. Both may be exhibited in a pt; this is bipolar disorder (BPD)

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What is Psychosis?

Severe emotional disorder that impairs mental function to the point ADLs are impaired.

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What is a hallmark of Psychosis?

Loss of contact with reality

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What are some examples of Psychosis?

Schizophrenia
Depressive and drug-induced psychoses

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What is the purpose of Anxiolytic Drugs

Reduce anxiety by reducing overactivity in the central nervous system (CNS)

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What do Benzodiazepines do?

Depress activity in the brainstem and limbic system

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What are the Benzodiazepine drug you need to know for the exam?

alprazolam (Xanax®)
diazepam (Valium®)
lorazepam (Ativan®)

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What are some AEs of Benzodiazepines?

Decreased CNS activity (sedation)
Hypotension
Drowsiness/dizziness

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What is the antidote for Benzodiazepine ODs?

Flumazenil used to reverse Benzodiazepines ODs

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What do Benzodiazepines interact with?

Alcohol = depressed CNS

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What is the most commonly used Anxiolytic? Indication?

Alprazolam used for general anxiety disorder

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AEs of Alprazolam?

confusion
ataxia
headache

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What is Diazepam used for?

Anxiety relief
alcohol withdrawal
pre op sedative
muscle spasm pain relief

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When should Diazepam be avoided?

Hepatic dysfunction

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What dose Diazepam interact with?

Oral contraceptives and alcohol

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Length of Lorazepam?

Intermediate

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Route of Lorazepam? Use?

IV, IM,
For the treatment of acutely agitated pts and alcohol withdrawal

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What Mood Stabilizing drugs do you need to know for the exam?

Lithium carbonate and lithium citrate

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What disorders are mood stabilizers used for?

BPD mania cycles hypomania depression

What is the drug of choice for mania? Why?

Lithium as it potentiate the serotonergic NT

T/F: Lithium has a wide therapeutic range?

F: Lithium has narrow therapeutic range and requires blood monitoring

What should the lithium serum levels be?

Acute mania: 1-1.5 mmol/L Maintenance: 0.6-1.2 mmol/L

At what level do Lithium serum levels become toxic?

> 1.5 -2.0 mmol/L

Why do sodium levels need to stay between 135-145 with regards to lithium?

to help maintain therapeutic levels of lithium

What are the AEs of Lithium?

Cardiac dysrhythmias drowsiness slurred speech seizures ataxia

What are the first gen Antidepressants you need to know for the exam?

Tricyclics MAOIs

What are the second gen Antidepressants you need to know for the exam?

SSRIs SNRIs

What line of drug are Tricyclic drugs used as?

Second line when newer drugs fail

What is an example of Tricyclic drugs?

amitriptyline (Elavil®)

What is the MOA of Tricyclic drugs?

Block the reuptake of NTs causing them to stop and collect at nerve endings

What are Tricyclics used for?

Neuropathic pain, insomnia Childhood enuresis (imipramine) Obsessive compulsive disorders (OCDs) (clomipramine) Sometimes, anorexia migraines

What are the AEs of Tricyclic drugs?

Sedation Impotence Orthostatic hypotension

______ People die due to Tricyclic ODs before making it to hospital?

70-80% of OD cases due to seizure or dysrhythmias

What is used to treat a Tricyclic OD

activated charcoal

What is Amitriptyline commonly used to treat?

Insomnia, neuropathic pain

When is Amitriptyline CTd?

allergy recent MI pregnancy

What are MAOIs commonly used to treat?

Parkinson's

What is a disadvantage of MAOIs?

cause HTN crisis when taken with tyramine

What must the pt be told in regards to MAOIs and tyramine?

When taken MAOIs avoid foods with tyramine to prevent HTN crisis and MI, CVA, coma, death

What food contain tyramine?

Aged cheese smoked and pickled meats, fish yeast extracts Red Wines Italian broad beans

What are the second gen Antidepressants you need to know for the exam?

bupropion (Wellbutrin®) SNRI – duloxetine hydrochloride (Cymbalta) SSRIs -fluoxetine (Prozac®))

What are second gen antidepressants indicated for?

Depression BPD eating disorders OCD PTSD

What are some AEs of second gen antidepressants?

Insomnia wt gain sexual dysfunction Serotonin syndrome

What is bupropion used for?

Smoking cessation sexual adverse effects

What was the first Nicotine free smoking cessation aid?

Zyban

What is Duloxetine HCl used for?

depression, anxiety, neuropathic pain, osteoarthritis

AEs of Duloxetine HCl?

Hepatotoxicity, GI upset, anorexia

What dose Duloxetine interact with?

SSRIs, triptans, alcohol

What can Duloxetine worsen?

glaucoma

What is Fluoxetine used for?

Depression, OCD, panic disorders, Bulimia

When is Fluoxetine CTd?

allergy concurrent MAIO theapy

What are Antipsychotics used for?

drug induced psychoses, schizophrenia, autism, mania, BPD, depression, Tourette's

What is an example of a first gen Antipsychotic?

Haloperidol

What is an example of a second gen Antipsychotic?

Clozapine Risperidone

What is the MOA of Antipsychotics?

block dopamine receptors in the brain that are linked to emotions, cognition, and motor function causing a decrease in dopamine receptors = tranquilizing effect on pts

What are the Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia?

hallucinations, delusions, and conceptual disorganization

What are the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia?

apathy, social withdrawal, blunted affect, poverty of speech, and catatonia

What are Antipsychotic Drugs used for?

Psychotic illness (schizophrenia) Anxiety mood disorders antiemetics

What are the AEs of Antipsychotic Drugs?

agranulocytosis hemolytic anemia NMS EPS Tardive dyskinesia

What is EPS treated with?

benztropine (Cogentin®) and trihexyphenidyl (Artane®)

What is haloperidol used for?

long term treatment of psychosis

What is Haloperidol CTd for?

Parkinson's allergy large amount of CNS depressants

What are the Atypical Antipsychotics drugs you need to know for the exam?

Clozapine Risperidone

What is the MOA of Atypical Antipsychotics?

Block dopamine-2 receptors and Serotonin-2 receptors

is Clozapine associated with EPS?

What is a AE of Clozapine?

Blood dyscrasias

What is a AE of Risperidone?

minimal EPS

What is the typical dose of Risperidone?

1-6 mg/day

What is St. John’s Wort used for?

depression anxiety sleep disorders nerves

What has a severe interaction with St. John’s Wort?

SSRIs Tyramine containing food MAIOs

How much medication should be dispensed if the pt is at risk for a suicide attempt

Dispense a small amount to minimize risk of suicide attempts

What dose a person taking chlorpromazine need to wear outside?

sunscreen due to photosensitivity

What dose a person taking antipsychotics need to consider about antacids

avoid taking within 1 hour of dose

what is the therapeutic range of lithium?

0.6 to 1.2 mmol/L

Buspirone is classified as what?

Miscellaneous anxiolytic

Psychotherapeutic Drugs Flashcards

(82 cards)