Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs

Question 1

What do Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs do?

Answer 1

These drugs stimulate a specific are of the brain or spinal cord

Question 2

What are examples of Excitatory NTs?

Answer 2

Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonine

Question 3

What are the major therapeutic uses of Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs?

Answer 3

anti–attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, antinarcoleptic, anorexiant, antimigraine, and analeptic drugs

Question 4

Where is the site of action for CNS stimulate drugs?

Answer 4

in the CNS

Question 5

What is ADHD

Answer 5

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Question 6

What population is ADHD more prevalent in?

Answer 6

Boys by 2-9 x more. May be related to underdiagnosing in girls.

Question 7

What is the main symptom of ADHD?

Answer 7

inappropriate ability to maintain attention span, or hyperactivity and impulsivity

Question 8

T/F: ADHD drugs work the same for adults and children

Answer 8

T

Question 9

What is Nacrolepsy?

Answer 9

The incurable neurological conditions in which the patient will unexpectedly fall asleep

Question 10

What is Cataplexy? What triggers it?

Answer 10

sudden acute skeletal muscle weakness. Triggered by strong emotion

Question 11

What are the features of a migraine?

Answer 11

pulsatile quality with pain that worsens with each pulse
often occur on one side of the head
may cause Nausea, vomiting, patient avoids light and sounds

Question 12

What drugs are used for ADHD and Narcolepsy?

Answer 12

Amphetamines: methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Nonamphetamine stimulant
Modafinil
Nonstimulant drugs
atomoxetine; also used to treat ADHD

Question 13

What areas of the brain do Amphetamines stimulate?

Answer 13

Areas of the brain relating to metal alertness

Question 14

What effects do Amphetamines have on the CNS?

Answer 14

Mood elevation or euphoria
Increased mental alertness and capacity for work
Decreased fatigue and drowsiness
Prolonged wakefulness

Question 15

What effects do CNS stimulant drugs have on the respiratory system?

Answer 15

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
Increased respiration
Dilation of pulmonary arteries

Question 16

What are the AEs of CNS stimulants? Speed up the Brain

Answer 16

Depends on the range but commonly Palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension, angina, anxiety, insomnia, headache, tremor, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dry mouth, increased metabolic rate, others

Question 17

What Nonstimulant Drug is used to treat ADHD and Narcolepsy?

Answer 17

Atomoxetine

Question 18

What is one of the most commonly prescribed ADHD drugs?

Answer 18

Amphetamine asparate

Question 19

This drug is approved for treating ADHD in children > 6 yo

Answer 19

Atomoxetine HCl

Question 20

What thought may Atomoxetine HCl provoke?

Answer 20

Suicidal

Question 21

What are the Amphetamine drugs you need to know for the exam?

Answer 21

Atomoxetine HCl
Amphetamine Aspartate (adderall)
Methylphenidate HCl
Modafinil

Question 22

What is Modafinil used for?

Answer 22

improving wakefulness in pts associated with narcolepsy

Question 23

What drug has less potential for misuse than amphetamines and methylphenidate?

Answer 23

Modafinil

Question 24

What are Anorexiants used for?

Answer 24

Treatment of obesity

Question 25

T/F: Anorexiants are available in Canada?

Answer 25

F: they are not available in Canada and the effectiveness of them has yet to be proven

Question 26

What is the Anorexiants drug you need to know for the exam?

Answer 26

Orlistat

Question 27

How dose Orlistat work?

Answer 27

Inhibits absorption of caloric intake from fatty foods

Question 28

What are the AEs of Anorexiants?

Answer 28

Headache
Upper respiratory infection
Gastrointestinal (GI) distress
fecal incontinence

Question 29

What is the Antimigraine (serotonin agonists; triptans) drug you need to know for the exam?

Answer 29

sumatriptan

Question 30

What is the MOA of Antimigraine drugs?

Answer 30

Stimulate the 5-HT receptors to cause vasoconstriction
reduce the inflammation caused by neuropeptides

Question 31

What are the AEs of Triptans?

Answer 31

Vasoconstriction
Irritation at injection site
Tingling
flushing
congestion

Question 32

What are Analeptics used for today?

Answer 32

For neonatal apnea

Question 33

What is the example of Analeptic drug you need to know for the exam?

Answer 33

Caffeine

Question 34

Where can Caffeine be found?

Answer 34

OTC drug
food/ drinks
Prescribed

Question 35

In what patients do you need to use Caffeine with caution?

Answer 35

Peptic ulcer
Recent myocardial infarction
Dysrhythmias

Question 36

What is the MOA of Caffeine?

Answer 36

Antagonizes adenosine receptors

Question 37

What are the AEs of Analeptic drugs?

Answer 37

Stimulation of gastric secretions, diarrhea, and reflex tachycardia

Flushing, sweating

Elevated respiratory rate

Muscular tension and tremors

Question 38

What needs to be assessed for before and during Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs therapy?

Answer 38

contraindications

herbal interactions

abnormal cardiac rhythms, seizures, palpitations, liver problems

in children ht and wt

Question 39

When should ADHD drugs be given?

Answer 39

4-6 hrs before bed to reduce insomnia

30-45 mins before meal on empty stomach

Question 40

What are the nursing Implications for Anorexiants?

Answer 40

Follow instructions for diet and exercise.
Take in the morning.
Avoid caffeine.
Fat-soluble vitamin supplementation may be needed.

Question 41

What are the Nursing implications for Selective serotonin receptor agonists

Answer 41

Dissolvable wafers, nasal spray, and self-injectable forms

Provide specific teaching about correct administration

Instruct patients to keep a journal to monitor response to therapy.