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Pharmacology II > Anti-inflammatory and Antigout Drugs > Flashcards

Anti-inflammatory and Antigout Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are common signs of Inflammation?

A

Pain, fever, loss of function, redness, and swelling

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2
Q

What is the goal of Inflammation?

A

to destroy, dilute, or wall off (sequester) both the injurious agent and the injured tissue

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3
Q

What Activities do NSAIDS preform?

A

Analgesic activities
Anti-inflammatory activities
Antipyretic activities
only aspirin preforms platelet inhibition

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4
Q

What properties do all NSAIDS share?

A

Antipyretic properties
Analgesic properties
Anti-inflammatory properties

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5
Q

What are NSAIDS are Salicylates?

A

aspirin

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6
Q

What NSAIDS are Acetic acid derivatives?

A

diclofenac sodium (Voltaren®)
indomethacin sulindac
ketorolac (Toradol®)

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7
Q

What NSAIDS are Cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors

A

celecoxib (Celebrex®)

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8
Q

What NSAIDS are Propionic acid deravities?

A

ibuprofen
naproxen

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9
Q

Aspirin is shown to reduce the risk of what if taken at the first signs?

A

MI

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10
Q

When are NSAIDS contraindicated?

A

allergy
risk for bleeding
rhinitis
vit k deficiency
peptic ulcer disease

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11
Q

What are the AEs of NSAIDs

A

Heartburn to severe GI bleeding
Acute kidney injury
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
Altered hemostasis
Hepatotoxicity
Skin eruption, sensitivity reaction
Tinnitus, hearing loss

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12
Q

What causes many of the AEs of NSAIDs?

A

due to the inhibition of prostaglandins which help maintain the stomach lining

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13
Q

What drug has a cytoprotective component and inhibits gastric acid secretion?

A

Misoprostol

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14
Q

How do NSAIDS influence the Kidneys?

A

disrupt prostaglandins which may cause acute or chronic kidney failure

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15
Q

When may kidney toxicity occur if pt takes an NSAID?

A

dehydration, heart failure, or liver dysfunction, or with the use of diuretics or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

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16
Q

A patient is at increased risk for MI, CVA, and GI AEs if taking what type of drug?

A

NSAID

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17
Q

What is the most common Salicylate?

A

Aspirin

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18
Q

What route can Salicylate be given?

A

PO, Topical, rectal,

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19
Q

Salicylates may cause what syndrome?

A

Reye’s syndrome

20
Q

What are the common dosages of Aspirin

A

81 mg or 325 mg

21
Q

What is Reye’s syndrome triggered by?

A

viral illnesses (influenza) use of salicylates and viral illness combo

22
Q

What dose Reye’s syndrome result in?

A

Permanent neurological damage

23
Q

What are the signs of a Salicylate intoxication (Salicylism)?

A

Increased heart rate
Tinnitus, hearing loss, dimness of vision, headache, dizziness, mental confusion, drowsiness
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Sweating, thirst, hyperventilation, hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia

24
Q

What is Indomethacin used for?

A

rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), acute bursitis or tendonitis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute gouty arthritis

25
Q

This drug has analgesic effects comparable to morphine

A

Toradol

26
Q

How long is Ketorolac indicated for?

A

5-7 days

27
Q

What are some AEs for Ketorolac

A

kidney impairment, edema, GI pain, dyspepsia, and nausea

28
Q

What is the most common NSAID

A

Ibuprofen

29
Q

What is Ibuprofen used for?

A

analgesic effects in the management of RA, OA, primary dysmenorrhea, dental pain, musculoskeletal disorders; antipyretic actions

30
Q

This drug a somewhat better AE profile compared to Ibuprofen?

A

Naproxen

31
Q

What are some AEs of COX-2 inhibitors?

A

headache, sinus irritation, diarrhea, fatigue, dizziness, lower-extremity edema, and hypertension

32
Q

What is Misoprostol used for

A

To reduce the AEs associated with NSAIDs

33
Q

What are the AEs of NSAIDS?

A

Dyspepsia, heartburn, epigastric distress, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain
GI bleeding*
Mucosal lesions* (erosions or ulcerations)
decreased creatinine clearance
AKI
pulmonary edema

34
Q

What is Gout?

A

A condition caused by inappropriate uric acid metabolism resulting in pain

35
Q

What are the Antigout drugs you need to know for the exam?

A

Allopurinol
colchicine
probenecid

36
Q

What dose Allopurinol do?

A

prevents uric acid production and prevents acute tumor lysis syndrome

37
Q

What are the side effects of Allopurinol?

A

exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis

38
Q

What dose probenecid do?

A

Inhibits the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys and thus increases the excretion of uric acid

39
Q

What dose Colchicine do?

A

Reduces the inflammatory response to the deposits of urate crystals in joint tissue

40
Q

What is the dosage of colchicine for acute gout attacks?

A

0.6 mg OD or BID

41
Q

What herbal products are used for gout?

A

Glucosamine and Chondroitin

42
Q

What dose the nurse need to look out for when patients is taking NSAIDS

A

GI lesions, peptic ulcer disease, bleeding disorders

43
Q

Who should never receive salicylates? Why?

A

Children or teens due to Reye’s syndrome

44
Q

What should NSAIDS be given with?

A

food, milk, or antacid to avoid irritation

45
Q

How long can it take for NSAIDs to show a therapeutic effect?

A

1 week

46
Q
A

Pharmacology II (12 decks)

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