acids and bases (book) Flashcards
What are Arrhenius acids?
Substances that separate in water to produce H+ ions
What are Arrhenius bases?
Substances that separate in water to produce OH- ions
What is neutralization?
When an acid and base mix and the H+ and OH- combine to produce water while the anion and cation of the acid and base combine to form a salt.
What are Bronsted Lowry Acids?
A proton/H+ donor (donates the H+ to a base)
What are Bronsted Lowry Bases?
A proton/H+ acceptor (accepts the H+ from an acid)
What are some properties of acids? (5)
- sour taste
- turns blue litmus red and red litmus stays red
- reacts with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas
- conducts electricity in aqueous solutions
- reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce CO2
What are some properties of bases? (4)
- bitter taste
- blue litmus stays blue, red litmus turns blue
- conducts electricity in aqueous solutions
- feels slippery
What do acids and bases form when they react?
Salts
What is a salt?
The combination of a cation (maybe from an acid) and an anion (maybe from the base).
What is pH?
a measure of the acidity or amount of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution (in moles per liter)
What is the range for acidic substances?
1-7
What is the range for basic substances?
7-14
What is chemical equilibrium?
A point where the reaction is reversible and the products and reactants are reacting at the same speed. The ratio is a constant value.
What is a conjugate pair?
Consists of one acid and one base that differ from each other by the presence or absence of an H+ ion
(ie: HA+H2O ->
What is an equilibrium reaction?
occurs when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
