naming substances

Question 1

What is a monoatomic ion?

Answer 1

An ion with one atom

Question 2

What elements form cations?

Answer 2

Metals

Question 3

What elements form anions?

Answer 3

Nonmetals

Question 4

How do you name monoatomic cations?

Answer 4

Just the name with “ions”

sodium cation = “sodium ion”

Question 5

How do you name monoatomic anions?

Answer 5

Replace the ending of the name with “-ide” and add “ion”

chlorine anion = “chloride ion”

Question 6

What is the Stock System?

Answer 6

When the positive charges of transition metals are written with Roman Numerals

Question 7

Transition metals generally want to become ____, which means that they want to ____ electrons

Answer 7

cations

lose

Question 8

How do the Roman Numerals in the Stock System work?

Answer 8

they coordinate with the positive charge

ex: Cu+ = Copper (I) ion, Fe3+ = Iron (III) ion

Question 9

What does it mean when a metal has more than one oxidation state?

Answer 9

It can form more than one ion

Question 10

What does “-ous” mean in nomenclature for transition metals?

Answer 10

Indicates the lower oxidation state (it also has less charge)
(ex: Out of Cu+ and Cu2+, Cu+ = Cuprous ion)

Question 11

What does oxidation state or number mean?

Answer 11

oxidation number, also called oxidation state, is the total number of electrons that an atom either gains or loses in order to form a chemical bond with another atom.

Question 12

What does “-ic” mean in nomenclature for transition metals?

Answer 12

Indicates the higher oxidation state (it also has more charge)
(ex: Out of Cu+ and Cu2+, Cu2+ = Cupric ion)

Question 13

What is a binary compound?

Answer 13

A compound with 2 bonded elements

Question 14

How do you name a binary compound where a metal cation and a nonmetal anion ionically bond?

Answer 14

Name cation first and anion second
replace ending of anion with “-ide”
(ex: NaCl = Sodium Chloride)

Question 15

What is the “criss cross” rule?

Answer 15

When writing the formula of a binary compound with an anion and a cation, simply switch the super scripts and make them subscripts.
(ex: Al 3+ and O2- combine to make Al(2)O(3))
(don’t forget to reduce to the lowest terms - Mg(2)S(2) is actually just MgS)

Question 16

What is a ternary compound?

Answer 16

A compound made of 3 or more elements

can be formed from two polyatomic ions

Question 17

What is a polyatomic ion?

Answer 17

An ion that is formed from more than one element (a compound that has an overall charge)

Question 18

What is a ternary salt?

Answer 18

A ternary compound made of 3 different elements

Question 19

How do you name a ternary salt (compound made of 3 different elements)?

Answer 19

First write the metal cation, then the polyatomic ion (two nonmetals that have an overall charge)
Give the polyatomic ion the ending “-ate”
(ex: CaSO(4) = calcium sulfate)

Question 20

What does per____ate mean?

Answer 20

It means that the ion has one more oxygen atom than its “ate” form, 2 more than its “ite” form, and 3 more than its “hypo-ite” form.

Question 21

What does ____ate mean?

Answer 21

It means that the has one more oxygen atom than its “-ite” form

Question 22

What does ____ite mean?

Answer 22

It means that the ion has one less oxygen atom than its”-ate” form

Question 23

What does hypo______ite mean?

Answer 23

Means that the ion has one less oxygen than its “site” form, 2 less than “ate” form, and 3 less than “per-ate” form

Question 24

What are ternary acids?

Answer 24

Acids that have hydrogen and polyatomic ions (ex: HClO4 or perchloric acid, which contains the perchlorate ion)

Question 25

What is the first step in naming a ternary acid?

Answer 25

Determine the polyatomic ion’s oxidization state is - per_ate, __ate, ___ite, or hypo___ite. This determines how the ternary acid is named

Question 26

How do you name a ternary acid that contains a per__ate polyatomic ion?

Answer 26

per___ic

ex: HClO4 has the perchlorate ion and is called perchloric acid

Question 27

How do you name a ternary acid that contains an __ate polyatomic ion?

Answer 27

___ic

ex: HClO3 = chloric acid

Question 28

How do you name a ternary acid that contains an ___ite polyatomic ion?

Answer 28

• ous

ex: HClO2 = chlorous acid

Question 29

How do you name a ternary acid that contains a hypo___ite polyatomic ion?

Answer 29

hypo___ous

ex: HClO = hypochlorous acid

Question 30

What are ternary bases?

Answer 30

formed when metal ions combine with hydroxide (OH-)

Question 31

What endings do ternary bases use?

Answer 31

__ide

ex: Ba(OH(2)) = barium hydroxide

Question 32

How do you name molecular compounds?

Answer 32

Write the element with lower electronegativity first, element with higher electronegativity second, add an __ide ending, and add a prefix to indicate the number of atoms of the element in the molecule
(ex: SiI4= silicon tetraiodide)