Acids Base Balance Flashcards
(15 cards)
The normal pH range for arterial blood is:
a) 7.30 - 7.40
b) 7.35 - 7.45
c) 7.0 - 7.30
d) 7.45 - 7.55
b) 7.35 - 7.45
Which of the following is the biggest source of metabolic acid in the body?
a) Lactic acid
b) Uric acid
c) Ketone bodies
d) CO2
d) CO2
Which of the following acts as the rapid, first line of defense against pH changes?
a) Brain stem respiratory centers
b) Renal mechanisms
c) Chemical buffer systems
d) Hormonal regulation
c) Chemical buffer systems
The bicarbonate buffer system is primarily important in buffering:
a) Intracellular fluid (ICF) only
b) Extracellular fluid (ECF)
c) Urine
d) Both ICF and urine
b) Extracellular fluid (ECF)
In the bicarbonate buffer system, if a strong acid is added, bicarbonate (HCO3-) will:
a) Release H+ ions
b) Have no effect
c) Tie up H+ and form H2CO3
d) Increase the pH dramatically
c) Tie up H+ and form H2CO3
Which of the following is a weak acid in the bicarbonate buffer system?
a) NaHCO3
b) OH-
c) H2CO3
d) NaCl
c) H2CO3
The phosphate buffer system is most effective in:
a) Blood plasma
b) Interstitial fluid
c) Urine and ICF
d) Cerebrospinal fluid
c) Urine and ICF
Protein buffers can resist pH changes because their molecules are:
a) Primarily acidic
b) Primarily basic
c) Amphoteric
d) Non-reactive with H+ or OH-
c) Amphoteric
Respiratory regulation of blood pH primarily involves controlling the concentration of:
a) Bicarbonate ions
b) Hydrogen ions directly
c) CO2
d) Fixed acids
c) CO2
Hyperventilation leads to a decrease in blood CO2 levels, which can result in:
a) Respiratory acidosis
b) Respiratory alkalosis
c) Metabolic acidosis
d) Metabolic alkalosis
b) Respiratory alkalosis
The kidneys regulate acid-base balance by adjusting the amount of which ion in the blood?
a) Sodium (Na+)
b) Potassium (K+)
c) Chloride (Cl-)
d) Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
d) Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
To reabsorb bicarbonate ions, the kidney must:
a) Retain H+
b) Secrete H+
c) Secrete bicarbonate ions
d) Decrease CO2 reabsorption
b) Secrete H+
Metabolic acidosis is characterized by:
a) High blood pH and high HCO3- levels
b) High blood pH and low HCO3- levels
c) Low blood pH and low HCO3- levels
d) Low blood pH and high HCO3- levels
c) Low blood pH and low HCO3- levels
Prolonged vomiting can lead to:
a) Respiratory acidosis
b) Metabolic acidosis
c) Metabolic alkalosis
d) Respiratory alkalosis
c) Metabolic alkalosis
The most important indicator of the adequacy of respiratory function in acid-base balance is the blood level of:
a) Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
b) PCO2
c) pH
d) Oxygen (O2)
b) PCO2
