Digestive System 1 & 2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
The primary goal of the digestive system is to:
a) Regulate body temperature
b) Produce hormones for various bodily functions
c) Break down food to absorb nutrients
d) Eliminate waste products from the lungs
c) Break down food to absorb nutrients
Which of the following is part of the alimentary canal?
a) Liver
b) Pancreas
c) Esophagus
d) Gallbladder
c) Esophagus
The rhythmic contractions of smooth muscles that propel food through the GI tract are called:
a) Segmentation
b) Peristalsis
c) Churning
d) Mastication
b) Peristalsis
Which layer of the alimentary canal is the innermost and lines the lumen?
a) Serosa
b) Muscularis externa
c) Submucosa
d) Mucosa
d) Mucosa
Goblet cells in the mucosa of the alimentary canal primarily secrete:
a) Digestive enzymes
b) Hormones
c) Mucus
d) Acid
c) Mucus
The submucosal nerve plexus mainly regulates:
a) GI tract motility
b) Glands and smooth muscle in the mucosa
c) The outer layers of the GI tract wall
d) Blood flow to the muscularis externa
b) Glands and smooth muscle in the mucosa
The enteric nervous system is also referred to as the:
a) Central nervous system of the gut
b) Peripheral nervous system of the abdomen
c) Gut brain
d) Visceral nervous system
c) Gut brain
Short reflexes in the digestive system are mediated by the:
a) Autonomic nervous system
b) Central nervous system
c) Enteric nerve plexuses
d) Hormones released by the stomach
c) Enteric nerve plexuses
The process of taking food into the mouth is called:
a) Digestion
b) Absorption
c) Ingestion
d) Propulsion
c) Ingestion
Chemical digestion in the mouth begins with the enzyme:
a) Pepsin
b) Lipase
c) Salivary amylase
d) Trypsin
c) Salivary amylase
Salivation is primarily regulated by the:
a) Sympathetic nervous system
b) Endocrine system
c) Parasympathetic nervous system
d) Somatic nervous system
c) Parasympathetic nervous system
The involuntary phase of swallowing is controlled by the:
a) Cerebral cortex
b) Spinal cord
c) Swallowing center in the medulla and lower pons
d) Cerebellum
c) Swallowing center in the medulla and lower pons
The esophagus primarily functions in:
a) Chemical digestion
b) Absorption of nutrients
c) Propulsion of food
d) Production of digestive enzymes
c) Propulsion of food
The stomach’s muscularis externa has an extra layer of smooth muscle arranged:
a) Circularly
b) Longitudinally
c) Obliquely
d) Radially
c) Obliquely
Parietal cells in the stomach secrete:
a) Pepsinogen
b) Gastric lipase
c) HCl and intrinsic factor
d) Mucus
c) HCl and intrinsic factor
The enzyme pepsin in the stomach primarily digests:
a) Carbohydrates
b) Lipids
c) Proteins
d) Nucleic acids
c) Proteins
The three phases of gastric acid secretion are:
a) Oral, esophageal, and intestinal
b) Voluntary, involuntary, and hormonal
c) Cephalic, gastric, and intestinal
d) Stimulation, secretion, and inhibition
c) Cephalic, gastric, and intestinal
The sight and smell of food initiate the:
a) Gastric phase of acid secretion
b) Intestinal phase of acid secretion
c) Cephalic phase of acid secretion
d) Enterogastric reflex
c) Cephalic phase of acid secretion
The stomach empties chyme into the:
a) Ileum
b) Jejunum
c) Duodenum
d) Esophagus
c) Duodenum
The basic electrical rhythm (BER) in the stomach is set by:
a) Enteric neurons
b) Parasympathetic nerves
c) Enteric pacemaker cells
d) Hormones
c) Enteric pacemaker cells
The liver’s digestive function is to produce:
a) Digestive enzymes
b) Hormones
c) Bile
d) Bicarbonate
c) Bile
Bile is stored and concentrated in the:
a) Liver
b) Pancreas
c) Gallbladder
d) Spleen
c) Gallbladder
Bile salts primarily function in the digestion and absorption of:
a) Proteins
b) Carbohydrates
c) Fats
d) Nucleic acids
c) Fats
Most of the enzymes needed to digest chyme are supplied by the:
a) Liver
b) Gallbladder
c) Pancreas
d) Small intestine
c) Pancreas
