Nutrition, Metabolism, Energy

Question 1

Which of the following is considered a macronutrient?
a) Vitamin C
b) Calcium
c) Carbohydrate
d) Iron

Answer 1

c) Carbohydrate

Question 2

Essential nutrients are those that:
a) The body requires in large amounts.
b) The liver can always synthesize from other nutrients.
c) Must be obtained from the diet.
d) Are only needed during growth and development.

Answer 2

c) Must be obtained from the diet.

Question 3

The primary fuel most used by cells to make ATP is:
a) Fatty acids
b) Amino acids
c) Glucose
d) Glycogen

Answer 3

c) Glucose

Question 4

Which of the following is a good dietary source of insoluble fiber?
a) Apples
b) Citrus fruits
c) Vegetables
d) Honey

Answer 4

c) Vegetables

Question 5

Linoleic acid is classified as:
a) A saturated fat
b) An essential omega-6 fatty acid
c) A nonessential fatty acid
d) A component of cholesterol

Answer 5

b) An essential omega-6 fatty acid

Question 6

Adipose tissue in the body primarily functions in:
a) Synthesizing steroid hormones
b) Forming myelin sheaths
c) Fuel storage and insulation
d) Stabilizing cell membranes

Answer 6

c) Fuel storage and insulation

Question 7

Complete proteins, containing all needed essential amino acids, are typically found in:
a) Legumes
b) Cereals
c) Animal products like eggs and milk
d) Nuts

Answer 7

c) Animal products like eggs and milk

Question 8

The all-or-none rule regarding amino acids in protein synthesis means that:
a) All amino acids are equally important.
b) All essential amino acids must be present for protein synthesis to occur.
c) Excess amino acids are always stored for later use.
d) Nonessential amino acids are not required if caloric intake is sufficient.

Answer 8

b) All essential amino acids must be present for protein synthesis to occur.

Question 9

Most vitamins function as:
a) Structural components of cells
b) Major electrolytes
c) Coenzymes
d) Hormones

Answer 9

c) Coenzymes

Question 10

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin A
c) Vitamin B12
d) Niacin

Answer 10

b) Vitamin A

Question 11

Catabolism is best described as:
a) The synthesis of large molecules.
b) The process of storing energy.
c) The breakdown of complex structures into simpler ones, releasing energy.
d) The transport of nutrients across cell membranes.

Answer 11

c) The breakdown of complex structures into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Question 12

Glycogenolysis is the process of:
a) Forming glycogen from glucose.
b) Breaking down glycogen to release glucose.
c) Creating glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
d) Converting glucose to fatty acids.

Answer 12

b) Breaking down glycogen to release glucose.

Question 13

Beta-oxidation, a process that breaks down fatty acids for energy, occurs in the:
a) Cytosol
b) Nucleus
c) Mitochondria
d) Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

c) Mitochondria

Question 14

During the absorptive (fed) state:
a) Catabolism exceeds anabolism.
b) Glucagon is the primary regulating hormone.
c) Anabolism exceeds catabolism, and nutrients are stored.
d) The body relies on energy reserves.

Answer 14

c) Anabolism exceeds catabolism, and nutrients are stored.

Question 15

The hunger center in the hypothalamus is stimulated by the hormone:
a) Leptin
b) Insulin
c) Cholecystokinin
d) Ghrelin

Answer 15

d) Ghrelin