Fluids & Electrolytes

Question 1

Body fluid is primarily composed of:
a) Proteins and lipids
b) Glucose and electrolytes
c) Water
d) Organic molecules

Answer 1

c) Water

Question 2

Which of the following is considered extracellular fluid?
a) Intracellular fluid
b) Cytosol
c) Blood plasma
d) Fluid within cells

Answer 2

c) Blood plasma

Question 3

Substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water are called:
a) Nonelectrolytes
b) Organic molecules
c) Electrolytes
d) Solvents

Answer 3

c) Electrolytes

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a nonelectrolyte?
a) Na+
b) Cl-
c) Glucose
d) K+

Answer 4

c) Glucose

Question 5

The most abundant solutes in body fluids are:
a) Electrolytes
b) Proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides
c) Nonelectrolytes
d) Glucose and urea

Answer 5

b) Proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides

Question 6

Water primarily moves between fluid compartments via:
a) Active transport
b) Hydrostatic pressure gradients
c) Osmotic gradients
d) Facilitated diffusion

Answer 6

c) Osmotic gradients

Question 7

Which hormone promotes water reabsorption in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the nephrons?
a) Aldosterone
b) Angiotensin II
c) Atrial natriuretic peptide
d) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 7

d) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 8

An increase in ECF osmolality will cause:
a) Water to move into cells
b) Water to leave cells
c) No net movement of water
d) A decrease in blood pressure

Answer 8

b) Water to leave cells

Question 9

Sensible water loss includes water lost through:
a) Evaporation from the skin
b) Expired air
c) Urine
d) Metabolic processes

Answer 9

c) Urine

Question 10

The thirst center in the hypothalamus is stimulated by:
a) Decreased plasma osmolality
b) Increased blood volume
c) Increased plasma osmolality
d) Relief of dry mouth

Answer 10

c) Increased plasma osmolality

Question 11

A deficiency in aldosterone can lead to:
a) Hyponatremia
b) Decreased potassium levels
c) Hyperkalemia
d) Increased sodium reabsorption

Answer 11

c) Hyperkalemia

Question 12

Edema is characterized by:
a) Swelling of cells due to water intoxication
b) A decrease in the volume of interstitial fluid
c) Atypical accumulation of interstitial fluid
d) A decrease in blood plasma volume

Answer 12

c) Atypical accumulation of interstitial fluid

Question 13

The main extracellular cation responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure is:
a) Potassium (K+)
b) Calcium (Ca2+)
c) Magnesium (Mg2+)
d) Sodium (Na+)

Answer 13

d) Sodium (Na+)

Question 14

The hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) causes:
a) Increased sodium reabsorption
b) Increased water reabsorption
c) Decreased sodium and water reabsorption
d) Increased ADH release

Answer 14

c) Decreased sodium and water reabsorption

Question 15

Hypotonic hydration can result from:
a) Severe dehydration
b) Profuse sweating
c) Rapid excess water ingestion
d) Diuretic abuse

Answer 15

c) Rapid excess water ingestion