Urinary System

Question 1

Which of the following is a primary function of the kidneys?
a) Producing digestive enzymes
b) Regulating body temperature
c) Filtering blood to remove metabolic waste products
d) Synthesizing red blood cells

Answer 1

c) Filtering blood to remove metabolic waste products

Question 2

The functional unit of the kidney is the:
a) Renal pelvis
b) Renal cortex
c) Renal medulla
d) Nephron

Answer 2

d) Nephron

Question 3

Filtrate is collected from the glomerulus into the:
a) Renal tubule
b) Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s Capsule)
c) Collecting duct
d) Renal pelvis

Answer 3

b) Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s Capsule)

Question 4

Which of the following lists the correct order of filtrate flow through the nephron?
a) Proximal Tubule → Distal Tubule → Nephron Loop → Collecting Duct
b) Renal Corpuscle → Distal Tubule → Nephron Loop → Proximal Tubule
c) Renal Corpuscle → Proximal Tubule → Nephron Loop → Distal Tubule
d) Glomerulus → Glomerular Capsule → Collecting Duct → Renal Tubule

Answer 4

c) Renal Corpuscle → Proximal Tubule → Nephron Loop → Distal Tubule

Question 5

The afferent and efferent arterioles and the macula densa cells are all part of the:
a) Renal corpuscle
b) Collecting system
c) Juxtaglomerular apparatus
d) Renal pelvis

Answer 5

c) Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 6

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is defined as the:
a) Amount of urine produced per minute
b) Amount of filtrate entering into both kidneys in one minute
c) Amount of blood flowing through the kidneys per minute
d) Percentage of plasma reabsorbed in the tubules

Answer 6

b) Amount of filtrate entering into both kidneys in one minute

Question 7

What force primarily favors filtration at the glomerulus?
a) Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP)
b) Glomerular colloid osmotic pressure (GCOP)
c) Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
d) Systemic blood pressure in the veins

Answer 7

c) Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)

Question 8

Most of the water, glucose, and amino acids are reabsorbed back into the blood in the:
a) Nephron loop
b) Distal convoluted tubule
c) Collecting duct
d) Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Answer 8

d) Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Question 9

The descending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to:
a) Solutes only
b) Both water and solutes
c) Water only
d) Neither water nor solutes

Answer 9

c) Water only

Question 10

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) primarily affects water reabsorption in the:
a) Proximal convoluted tubule
b) Nephron loop
c) Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
d) Glomerulus

Answer 10

c) Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

Question 11

The countercurrent multiplier system is primarily associated with the:
a) Renal corpuscle
b) Proximal convoluted tubule
c) Nephron loops of juxtamedullary nephrons
d) Collecting ducts of cortical nephrons

Answer 11

c) Nephron loops of juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 12

Urine is formed after the filtrate has undergone modification in the:
a) Renal corpuscle
b) Renal tubule
c) Collecting duct
d) Glomerulus

Answer 12

c) Collecting duct

Question 13

Urine is transported from the kidneys to the bladder via the:
a) Urethra
b) Renal pelvis
c) Ureters
d) Nephron loop

Answer 13

c) Ureters

Question 14

The muscular sac that temporarily stores urine is the:
a) Urethra
b) Renal pelvis
c) Urinary bladder
d) Ureter

Answer 14

c) Urinary bladder

Question 15

The process of expelling urine from the bladder is called:
a) Filtration
b) Reabsorption
c) Secretion
d) Micturition

Answer 15

d) Micturition