Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

Once a B cell is activated by the antigen what happens next….

Answer 1

B cell goes through rapid division
COLONIAL EXPANSION

Question 2

What are the roles of plasma cells?

Answer 2

Make antibodies

Question 3

When B cells go through colonial expansion what two types of cells do they split off into?

Answer 3

1. Plasma cells
2. Memory cells

Question 4

What are memory cells?

Answer 4

Cells that remember antigens (why we become immune)

Question 5

Antibodies are ______

Answer 5

Proteins

Question 6

The structure of an antibody is made up of what two regions?

Answer 6

1. Variable Region
2. Constant Region

Question 7

What chains are antibodies made up of?

Answer 7

2 light chains and 2 heavy chains

Question 8

What kind of structure does the antibody form?

Answer 8

Y structure

Question 9

The variable region reacts with…..

Answer 9

The antigen

Question 10

The constant region reacts with….

Answer 10

The immune system

Question 11

The heavy chain determines…..

Answer 11

The type of antibody

Question 12

How many types of antibodies are there?

Answer 12

5

Question 13

What are the different types of antibodies?

Answer 13

IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD

Question 14

What are important characterisitics about IgM?

Answer 14

• Pentamer (10 binding sites)
• Main antibody primary response
• 6% in serum
• Activate complement cascade

Question 15

What are important characterisitics about IgG?

Answer 15

• Monomer (2 binding sites)
• Main antibody of 2nd response
• Great opsonin Neutralizer
  -80% in serum
• Activate complement cascade
• Crosses placenta

Question 16

What are important characterisitics about IgA?

Answer 16

• Dimer (4 binding sites)
• Secreted into mucus
• Colostrum
  -13% in serum

Question 17

What are important characterisitics about IgE?

Answer 17

• Allergic reactions
• monomer

Question 18

What are important characterisitics about IgD?

Answer 18

• Monomer
• B cell receptor

Question 19

What are the various antibody reactions?

Answer 19

1. Complement activation
2. Agglutination
3. Opsonin
4. Toxin Neutralization
5. Steric Hinderance

Question 20

Primary responses to antibodies are _____ and _____.

Answer 20

Slow and weak

Question 21

Secondary responses to antibodies are _____ and _____.

Answer 21

Strong and rapid

Question 22

The ______ for the antibodies for the antigen ______ with exposure. Why?

Answer 22

infinity
increases

B cells are differentiated for memory cells

Question 23

Colonial expansion occurs when an antigen is encountered by _____.

Answer 23

T cells and B cells

Question 24

Plasma cells secrete ______.

Answer 24

Antibodies

Question 25

T lymphocytes are apart of what type of immunity?

Answer 25

Cell mediated

Question 26

What are the job of T lymphocytes?

Answer 26

Regulate the immune system

Question 27

What is the receptor for the T cell?

Answer 27

T cell receptor

Question 28

What makes up the T cell receptor?

Answer 28

1. Alpha protein fragment 2. Beta protein fragment

Question 29

How do t cells work in their response to antigens?

Answer 29

Respond to antigen only when associated with another host cell.

Question 30

What is a MHC molecule?

Answer 30

Molecule all humans contain

Question 31

What are the two types of MHC molecules?

Answer 31

1. MHC I 2 MHC II

Question 32

What are characterisitcs of MHC I molecules?

Answer 32

- found on almost all cells - Status monitors for all cells

Question 33

What are characterisitcs of MHC II molecules?

Answer 33

- found only on antigen presenting cells Macrophages Dendritic cells and B cells

Question 34

What is the MHC I function?

Answer 34

- MHC binds to peptides inside - peptides digested by host machinery some fragments end up on MHC I molecules - If intracellular parasite, some of the MHC I molecules display viral proteins - Immune system reaction - Method of signaling if cell is healthy/unhealthy

Question 35

What is the MHC II function?

Answer 35

- MHC II molecules present on cells of the immune system - Serve as vessels to present foreign antigens to T cells - MCH II molecules bind to antigens that originate from an exogenous source - Leftovers in phaolysosome - antigens picked up by dendritic cells

Question 36

What are the two types of T cells?

Answer 36

1. CD4+ 2. CD8+

Question 37

What are the 3 types of CD4+ cells and their functions?

Answer 37

1. TH1 : CMI, recruit and regulate other cells 2. TH2 : AMI Regulate B cells and antibody production 3. T Suppressor Cells : Turn down immune response after pathogen is delt with

Question 38

What are CD8+ cells?

Answer 38

T cytotoxic Tc Cells Activation by antigen will cause these cells to attack

Question 39

What do T cells and B cells have in common?

Answer 39

1. V domains recognize antigens 2. The C domain interfaces with the rest of the immune system

Question 40

B cells mature in ______ T cells mature in ______

Answer 40

Bone marrow Thymus

Question 41

What do antigen binding regions on B and T cells react with when first created? What happens when they react with self?

Answer 41

Anything including self Filtered out when they react with self

Question 42

How is immunoglobulin diversity created?

Answer 42

Genetic recombination

Question 43

V region of antibody has _____ rates of mutation.

Answer 43

HIgh

Question 44

Joining between antibody regions is ______.

Answer 44

inexact

Question 45

When T/B cells are first made what are they programed to do?

Answer 45

Die

Question 46

When a T/B cell is made what is it tested for?

Answer 46

1. Pathway fails 2. Self antigens 3. React too strong

Question 47

What happens to a T/B cell once it passes all tests?

Answer 47

T/B cells inactivate self destruct and matures

Question 48

What does a cytotoxic t cell do?

Answer 48

Recognizes infected cells via MHCI display on infected cell and kill them

Question 49

What is the role of Perforn and granzymes with cytotoxic t cells

Answer 49

Perforin : holes in enzyme Granzymes : migrate through the holes and turn on apoptosis