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Microbiology > The Food Supply Chain > Flashcards

The Food Supply Chain Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

What were the two reasons listed in class on what the FSC is so important?

A
  1. Food needs to be frequently purchased and consumed
  2. Agricultural production is seasonal (biotic and abiotic)
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2
Q

The FSC is _______.

A

complex

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3
Q

In 2020 what caused the closure of processing plants?

A

COVID 109

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4
Q

What are various crop diseases due to climate?

A
  • Wheat Rusts
  • Blights
  • Crown Gall Disease
  • Tomato Diseases
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5
Q

What caused the massive irish migration from 1845 to 1855?

A

Blights

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6
Q

What percent of wheat is lost to disease?

A

21.5%

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7
Q

What are the most common wheat infections?

A
  • Leaf Rust
  • Fusarium head blight
  • Tritici Blotch
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8
Q

What causes leaf rust?

A

Puccinia triticina Eriks (FUNGI)

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9
Q

What are the two hosts for Puccinia triticina Eriks (FUNGI) that causes leaf rust?

A
  1. Wheat
  2. Meadow Rue
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10
Q

What percent yield damage can leaf rust cause?

A

Up to 50%

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11
Q

What is major threat to livestock in terms of swine diseases?

A

Porcine Enteric Coronavirus (PEVD)

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12
Q

What happens to pigs that get PEDV?

A

Diarrhea near 100% mortality

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13
Q

What do cells need for energy?

A
  • Light
  • Chemicals
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14
Q

What do cells need for carbon?

A
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • methane
  • organic chemicals
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15
Q

What do cells need for other nutrients?

A
  • Nitrogen
  • Phosphorus
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16
Q

Why does the cell need magnesium?

A

Stabilize ribosome and needed for ATP dependent reaction

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17
Q

Why does the cell need potassium?

A

main cellular cation

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18
Q

Why does the cell need iron?

A

needed for many enzymes

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19
Q

Why does the cell need calcium?

A

not essential for all cells

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20
Q

Why does the cell need sodium?

A

not essential for cells

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21
Q

Macronutrients are needed at levels above what?

A

1%

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22
Q

What are trace elements?

A

Elements needed in small quantities

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23
Q

What is the purpose of trace elements?

Study These Flashcards
A

helps enzymes do their jobs

24
Q

What are some examples of trace elements?

Study These Flashcards
A

Boron, Chronium, Cobalt…..

25
What are the requirements of trace elements per MO?
Varies per MO
26
Siderophores are what?
Small molecules that bind iron
27
What are growth factors?
Organic compounds needed by some cells because they can't make their own
28
What is microbial food?
Assimilation of macronutrients
29
How do microbes get food?
- Absorptive via transport proteins - Endocytosis (only eukaryotes) - Phagocytosis (solids) - Pinocytosis (liquids)
30
What if food is gas? How can it be concentrated? What is an example?
Oxygen Hemoglobin
31
What if food is too large to transport? Examples?
Exoenzymes break down polymers to monomers Cellulose, lignin
32
Where do microbes get food?
- Soluble nutrients - Other cells (attack)
33
Where do macronutrients go?
They are metabolized to make more cellular components. (monomers-->polymers--->cellular structures)
34
What is one way to classify microbes?
Nutritional
35
What are the two classifications for the source of energy?
- Chemotroph (chemical energy) - Phototroph (light energy)
36
What are two classifications for sources of carbon?
- autotroph (carbon dioxide) - heterotroph (organic compounds)
37
What are two classifications for source of electrons?
- Lithotroph (inorganic molecules) - Organotroph (organic molecules)
38
What does the nutrient classification fail to recognize?
Fact that certain bacteria have needs for other nutrients besides C/E or H or e-
39
What is the difference between growth factors and trace elements?
Growth factors use organic compounds
40
What are different isolation techniques?
- Simple plating-plate everything there - Enrichment culture
41
How does simple plating work?
Selects for fastest growing, best adapted to those conditions
42
What is a benefit of enrichment culture?
Stacking the deck in your favor
43
What are the pros of simple plating/tube culture?
May be able to isolate colonies
44
What are the cons of simple plating?
- Microbe must grow on a medium - Competition between microbes - Hard to select desired microbe
45
What are the pros to enrichment culture?
- Can select for desired metabolic capacity (nitrogen fixation)
46
What are the cons to enrichment culture?
- Will only get certain types
47
What are two different types of media?
Differential and Selective
48
What is a differential media?
Allows us to identify microbes by a reaction in the medium BUT you can differentiate between them on the plate
49
What is a selective media?
Favor the growth of some microbes and disfavors the growth of others (everything you see on the plate shows what you are looking for)
50
What are some other grow requirements?
- Presence of other microbes (syntrophy) - Nutrient concentration - Unique movements - growth on surfaces vs growth suspended in liquids
51
What are copiotrophs?
organsims that adapt well to high levels of nutritients
52
What are Oligotrophs?
organisms that adapt to low levels of nutrients
53
What are capnophiles?
Need increased CO2 levels
54
What is a defined medium?
We know every chemical we are added and in what concentration
55
What is a complex medium?
short list of chemicals glucose, yeast extract, peptone

Microbiology (18 decks)

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