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Additional Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

How can an insulated be charged by friction

A

Through charge of electrons

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2
Q

Is a material that is gaining electrons becoming positively or negatively charged

A

Negative

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3
Q

Examples of electrostatic phenomena in terms of movement of electrons

A

Balloon and wall
Shocks
Lightning

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4
Q

What is earthing

A

To connect something to the earth, so that any electrostatic charge can flow away

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5
Q

Uses of electrostatic charges

A

Spray paint

Insecticide sprayers

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6
Q

What is current in metals

A

Flow of electrons

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7
Q

What is the equation for Charge (coulomb)

A

Current (A) X time (s)

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8
Q

What type of current are cells and batteries

A

Direct Current

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9
Q

What is the equation for potential difference

A

Current(A) X resistance (ohm)

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10
Q

What is a filament lamp

A

Hotter means more resistance

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11
Q

What is a light dependant resistor

A

Lighter means less resistance

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12
Q

What are thermistors

A

Colder higher resistance

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13
Q

Advantages of heating effect of an electric current

A

Electric fires

Kettles

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14
Q

Disadvantages of heating effect of an electric current

A

This energy is wasted

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15
Q

What is displacement

A

The straight line from start to finish

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16
Q

What is velocity

A

How quickly an object is moving in a certain direction

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17
Q

On a distance time graph what is the gradient

A

Speed

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18
Q

What is the equation for speed

A

Distance (M) / time (S)

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19
Q

What is a vector quantity

A

Quantity that has both size and direction

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20
Q

In a velocity time graph what is the area

A

Distance

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21
Q

What is a reaction force

A

An equal and opposite reaction of something

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22
Q

What is the force that pushes a plane up

A

Lift

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23
Q

If the resultant force on something is 0 what happens to the movement of the object

A

Does not change

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24
Q

What is terminal velocity

A

A maximum velocity reached by a falling object, when weight is equal to air resistance

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25
What is weight
Measure of the pull of gravity on an object
26
What is the gravitational field strength on earth
10N/Kg
27
In a vacuum what do all falling bodies do
Accelerate at the same rate
28
What is the total stopping distance
Thinking distance + braking distance
29
What can affect thinking distance
Drivers reaction times
30
What affects the braking distance
``` Mass of vehicle Speed of vehicle State of brakes State of road Amount of friction between tyre and road ```
31
What is linear momentum conversation
When an object collides with another object the total momentum stays the same
32
What do crumple zones do
When there is a crash these food in a certain way to reduce momentum
33
What does a seatbelt do
Reduces rate and changes momentum of the passenger
34
What is work
When energy is transferred from one form to another, measured in J
35
What is power
Rate of work, measured in W
36
What is an isotope
Atoms of an element with a different number of neutrons
37
What is the atomic number for an atom
Number of protons, appears below the symbol on the periodic table
38
What is the Mass number of an atom
Protons +neutrons
39
What are alpha particles stopped by
Paper
40
What are beta particles stopped by
Aluminium
41
What are gamma rays stopped by
Lead
42
What does the fission of U - 235 make
Barium - 141 | Krypton - 92
43
What is nuclear fusion
Small nuclei make big nuclei
44
How many neutrons are released in nuclear fission
3
45
What do control rods do
Contains elements that absorb neutrons
46
What do moderators do
Slow down neutrons
47
What fusion occurs when stars are formed
Hydrogen nuclei form helium
48
Why can't we create ideal conditions for fusion on earth
can't create a strong enough gravitational field
49
What damage can ionising radiation cause
Tissue damage and mutations
50
How to prevent damage from ionising radiation
Protective cloths | Stay away from it
51
How long does High Level Waste (HLW) produce large amounts of ionising radiation for
50 years
52
How is HLW transported
Thick concrete and steel containers
53
How is ILW stored
Concrete and steel containers
54
How is LLW disposed of
Buried in special land fill cites
55
How long is LLW radioactive for
Tens of thousands of years
56
Problems of firing nuclear waste into space
Could fall back to earth, spreading radioactive material over a large are
57
Problems of dumping barrels on nuclear waste in the sea
Could corrode and radioactive materials could enter the food chain
58
Problems of storing nuclear waste underground
Site needs to be geographically stable, low risk of earthquakes
59
What is half life
How long it takes for half of the unstable nuclei to decay
60
What unit is the activity of a radioactive isotope measured
Bq
61
What is a GM tube
Gives a click each time radiation is detected
62
What is the click rate of a GM tube
Number of clicks per second or minute
63
Examples of background radiation
``` Radon gas Food Drink Rocks Cosmic rays ```
64
How do you irradiate food
Use gamma rays to kill bacteria
65
How do you sterilise equipment
Use gamma rays to kill bacteria
66
How do you diagnose cancer
Inject a gamma tracer and can be seen through a gamma camera
67
How do you kill cancer cells
Fire gamma rays at it

Physics (3 decks)

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