Additional content Flashcards by Alexandra Santos

Light’s criteria

Used to differentiate between transudative and exudative pleural effusions.
- Pleural fluid protein to serum protein ratio > 0.5
- Pleural fluid LDH to serum LDH ratio > 0.6
- Pleural fluid LDH level greater than two-thirds the upper limit of normal for serum LDH

^ if at least one is true, pleural effusion considered exudative –> underlying path process, e.g., infections, malignancy, PE; if none, then more likely something like HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome

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Pseudomonas aeurginosa cellulitis abx

Meropenem/ceftazidime/cipro/gentamicin/tazocin

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Chronic osteomyelitis mx

Surgical debridement + abx

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Radial nerve movement

wrist and finger extension

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What is this?

pityriasis rosea

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Pityriasis rosea features

Oval patch of scaly skin followed by widespread rash of smaller scaly patches, sometimes itchy.
Usually gets better on own within 12 weeks. Syx can be trx w moisturising creams, steroid creams and antihistamines.

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Opioid withdrawal mx

Methadone

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dilated pupils and abdominal pain, sweaty

Opioid withdrawal

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Hip # physical exam finding

Leg shortened + int rotated

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What # is this and mx

Bennett’s
No displacement: closed reduction -> thumb spica
Displacement: K wires

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What is this and mx

Pseudo bennett’s
Immobilisation + sling

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Leukaemia ix to confirm dx

Immunophenotyping using flow cytometry

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Mumps mx

supportive care

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Campylobacter jejuni mx

Azithromycin

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myalgia, supraclavicular lymph nodes, jaundice, and oral ulcers in a patient who traveled to South Africa

HIV

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Chemo N+V mx

ondansetron

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Raised ICP N+V mx

cyclizine

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Bitemporal superior quadrantonopia

Pituitary tumour rupture/haemorrhage

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Median n distr of hand

palm side - thumb, INDEX, MIDDLE finger and that half of palm

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Tinel’s sign

tingling or “pins and needles” feeling you get when your healthcare provider taps your skin over a nerve

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thenar wasting

chronic median N compression

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Patient has had surgery, has pain on passive straight leg raise

Compartment syndrome

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hip # - which n at danger?

Sciatic n

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Pemphigoid v pemphigus

Bullous pemphigoid
- OLD people
- blisters tense, firm
- not usually oral

Pemphigus vulgaris
- middle aged
- blisters rupture easy
- oral lesions common

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Most common type of bladder ca

Transitional cell carcinoma

Lung ca + facial flushing

Carcinoid syndrome - release of 5HT

Apache II

ICU mortality prediction score

Intermittent nippol bleeding

Duct papilloma

Digitorum profundus tendons

Flex DIPJ of all fingers (excl thumb)

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flex PIPJ of all fingers (excl thumb)

Extensor digitorum communis

Extend all fingers (excl thumb) *Extensor digiti minimi helps w pinky *Extensor indiis proprius helps w index

Flexor pollicis longus

Bends thumb

Extensor pollicis longus

Extends thumb at IPJ

Extensor pollicis brevis

Extends thumb at MCPJ

Achilis tendon rupture ix

USS

visuospatial problems

Parietal lobe

Delirium mx

Lorazepam

Gram negative diplococcus causes an STI

Gonorrhoea

ASA (American society of anaesthesiologists) mortality scale

1 - healthy 2 - mild systemic disease w no functional limitation 3 - severe systemic disease w functional limitation 4 - severe systemic disease - constant threat to life 5 - pt unlikely to survive 24h ± op

Man in office had episodes of smelling something funny and then went into a daze or a ‘trance like state’. No headache.

Idiopathic epilepsy

Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg syndrome

Acute continuous vertigo due to posterior inferior cerebellar artery stroke - Horner syndrome - Ptosis - Slurred speech - VERTIGO

Pt with PKD most likely kind of head bleed

SAH

Ank spond flare

1. NSAIDs 2. Biologic (e.g., infliximab) 3. DMARD

Angina mx (chronic and stable)

1. Beta blocker or Ca channel blocker 2. + on Isosorbide mononitrate

Tongue deviation - where is lesion?

Same side on hypoglossal nerve

Long incubation period for GI infx

Giardia and amoebiasis - Giardiasis diarrhoea more watery and foul smelling + bloating + gas - Amoebiasis blood and mucus ± fever/chills/abdo tenderness

months fever + RIF + diarrhoea ±bloody

diverticulitis

Lump on neck that moves with swallowing/lifting tongue

thyroglossal cyst

Otitis media common causative agent

Strep pneumoniae

Anuria + ureteric dilatation ix

Ureteroscopy

DMARD that causes retinopathy

hydroxchloroquine

DMARD that causes azoospermia and bone marrow suppression

sulfasalazine

darkened red reflex and problems with night vision

cataracts

Toxoplasmosis v lymphoma CT

Toxo: multiple lesions Lymphoma: single lesion + crosses corpus callosum

Head of pancreas ca mx (w/ invasion)

Resectable: Whipple to remove tumour + involved vessels Unresectable: chemo

2.5cm firm breast lump not tethered to skin and no skin changes

ductal carcinoma

PBC histology

inflam/destr small bile ducts & hepatocytes

Meniere's

- sudden vertigo - sensorineural hearing loss (can fluctuate) - tinnitus

Osteosclerosis

- gradual hearing loss (!conductive)

Commonest cause of corneal ulceration

HSV

Painful vesicular derm lesion on one side of face around forehead, eye and cheek.

VZV

No bicep reflex, hand held in

Erb's palsy - upper brachial plexus

facial n palsy

pred up to 72h

Felty's syndrome

rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) and a decreased white blood cell count (neutropenia)

Young adult has come from Africa 2 weeks ago. He has fever night sweats, weight loss and a neck lump. What is the cause?

BPH mx

1st line: alpha blocker, e.g., tamsulosin 2nd line: 5 alpha reductase inhibitor, e.g., finasteride

THyroid - calcitonin

medullary

Warm HA v cold HA

Warm - IgG ab +ve Cold - IgGab -ve