Additional Terms Pt. 1 Flashcards
(174 cards)
1
Q
Diagnosis
A
Identification of a disease by examinations of the symptoms and signs
2
Q
Prognosis
A
The forecast of the probable course and outcome of the disease
3
Q
-gnosis
A
Knowledge!
4
Q
Primary care
A
Patient registration with a GP
5
Q
Secondary care
A
Hospital attendance
6
Q
Acquired
A
Beginning after birth
7
Q
Acute
A
Sudden onset
8
Q
Allergic
A
Hypersensitivity to foreign proteins
9
Q
Chronic
A
Long-standing
10
Q
Congenital
A
Present at birth
11
Q
Cryptogenic
A
Doubtful or hidden origin
12
Q
Endocrine
A
Associated with hormone dysfunction
13
Q
Familial
A
Occurs in families
14
Q
Functional
A
No anatomical abnormality, but associated with dysfunction
15
Q
Iatrogenic
A
Disease produced by the treatment given for the primary illness
16
Q
Idiopathic
A
Peculiar to the individual
17
Q
Infectious
A
Readily passed on to other people
18
Q
Local
A
Involving one area or part of the body specifically
19
Q
Metabolic
A
Physiological disorder
20
Q
Neoplastic
A
New growth development i.e. Tumours
21
Q
Nosocomial
A
Infection acquired from hospital i.e. MRSA
22
Q
Organic
A
Structural abnormality
23
Q
Silent
A
No obvious signs or symptoms
24
Q
Systemic
A
Involving the entire body
25
Traumatic
Involving injury
26
Aetiology
Study of the cause of disease
27
Benign
Harmless
28
Malignant
Harmful
29
Palliative
Alleviates symptoms
30
Therapeutic
Relating to treatment by remedial agents or methods
31
Therapy
Treatment
32
Pyrexia
Fever
33
The nine key symptoms of infection in the body
Pyrexia, shivering, headache, pain, skin discolouration, rash, swelling, inflammation, malaise
34
Malaise
Lethargy
35
Systolic pressure
Noise heard when the heart muscles contract
36
Diastolic pressure
Pressure when the heart muscles are resting and filling with blood
37
How is blood pressure measured?
Using a sphygmomanometer
38
How is a blood pressure measurement presented?
Systolic (contracting) over diastolic (resting). Measured in millimetres of Mercury (mm/Hg)
39
Systole
The systolic pressure is the noise heard when the heart muscles contract and pump blood from the chambers into the arteries
40
Diastole
The diastolic pressure is when the heart refills with blood and the ventricles are filling and resting
41
BP
Blood pressure
42
Hypertension
High blood pressure
43
Hypotension
Low blood pressure
44
Mm/Hg
Millimetres of Mercury
45
What are the 4 levels of structure that combine to form a living being?
Cells, tissues, organs, systems
46
Karyo
Nucleus
47
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
48
What is tissue made up of?
Groups of cells
49
The 4 types of tissue
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
50
What are the 4 bodily regions within terminology?
Cephalic, upper extremities, abdominal, lower extremities
51
What are the three main cavities of the body?
Dorsal, ventral, abdominopelvic
52
What does the dorsal cavity contain?
Brain and spinal cord
53
What does the ventral (thoracic) cavity contain?
Heart, lungs, mediastinum
54
What does the abdominopelvic cavity contain?
Abdominal organs, intestines, bladder, reproductive system
55
Median
Midline
56
Superior
Above
57
Inferior
Below
58
Anterior
Front
59
Posterior
Back
60
Proximal
Near
61
Distal
Further away
62
Superficial
Nearer the surface
63
Deep
Further away from the surface
64
When using a body scanner, what is a sagittal plane?
Vertical plane of the body top to bottom
65
When using a body scanner, what is a midsagittal plane?
Equal left and right parts of the body
66
When using a body scanner, what is the parasagittal plane?
Beside the parasagittal plane of the body
67
When using a body scanner, what is the frontal/ coronal plane?
Front to back of the body
68
When using a body scanner, what is the transverse plane?
Upper and lower parts of the body
69
When using a body scanner, what is the oblique plane?
Scanning at an angle
70
In joints, what is a flexion movement?
Decreases the angle between two articulating bones (e.g. Bending the knee or elbow)
71
In joints, what is an extension?
Increases the angle between two articulating bones (e.g. Straightening the knee or elbow)
72
In joints, what is a hyperextension?
Overextends beyond the anatomical position (e.g. Tilting head backwards)
73
In joints, what is a rotation?
Movement of a bone around its own axis (e.g. Moving head side to side or rotating the palm)
74
In joints, what is an abduction?
Away from the midline (e.g. To lift the arm away from the body, or spread the fingers apart)
75
In joints, what is an adduction?
Towards the midline (e.g. To lower the arm or close the fingers)
76
In joints, what is a circumduction?
Combines flexion and extension, as well as abduction and adduction, to form a circular movement (e.g. Moving the arm in a circular movement)
77
Ankle oedema
Excessive fluid build up around the ankles and lower legs
78
Auscultation
Listening for sounds for diagnostic purposes
79
Basal crepitations
Noises heard at the base of the lungs
80
Bruit
Abnormal sound or murmur
81
Cachetic
Physical wasting- large loss of weight and muscle mass
82
Clonus
Muscle contractions
83
Eupnoea
Normal breathing
84
Finger clubbing
An increase in soft tissue at the ends of the fingers, with nail changes
85
JVP
Jugular venous pressure
86
Lymphadenopathy
Disease of the lymph glands
87
Rales
Abnormal rattling sounds
88
Rhonchi
Wheezing sound in the bronchial tubes
89
Stridor
Harsh sound on inspiration (breathing in)
90
The five major senses!
Sight, smell, hearing, taste, touch
91
Supercilium
Eyebrows
92
Op-
Seeing/ looking at
93
Or-
A person/ agent
94
Ophthalmology
Study of the eye
95
Lacrimal apparatus
Produces tears
96
Retinal fundus
Hollow structure that forms the interior lining of the eyeball
97
Anterior cavity
The gap in front of the lens within the eye. Filled with a watery fluid (aqueous humour)
98
Intraocular pressure
The pressure of the eye (produced by the aqueous humour)- helps maintain the eye ball's shape
99
Vitreous chamber
Larger cavity of the eyeball which contains a jelly like substance called the vitreous humour. This prevents the eyeball from collapsing and holds the retina against the eyeball
100
Three layers of the exterior eyeball
Fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, nervous tunic (or retina)
101
Fibrous tunic
The outer layer of the eyeball- consists of the sclera (eyeball lining) , the cornea (protects iris) and the conjunctiva (membrane that lines the eyelid)
102
Vascular tunic
Middle layer of the eyeball consisting of the choroid (vascular membrane) which absorbs light rays, the ciliary body (responsible for near and far vision) and the iris (responsible for the amount of light entering the eye)
103
Nervous tunic or retina
Photoreceptors pass information through the optic disc to the optic nerve. The optic nerve contains rods, which receive light and dark, and cones, which receive colour. It then transmits the information to the brain, for translation into sight.
104
Macula
Area of the eye in which cones proliferate.
105
Achromatopsia
Complete colour blindness
106
Astigmatism
Irregular cornea shape causing blurring
107
Cataract
A clouding of the lens (cataract = waterfall)
108
Dacryostenosis
Narrowing of a tear duct
109
Glaucoma
Abnormally high intraocular pressure
110
Macular degeneration
Degeneration of vision normally in old age or diabetes
111
Mydriasis
Abnormally dilated pupil
112
Phacoemulsification
Treatment of cataracts
113
Ptosis
Drooping eyelid
114
Strabismus
Imbalance of eye muscles
115
Cor /core
Pupil
116
Irid
Iris
117
Phac/o Phak/o
Eye lens / Americanisation
118
Ametropia
Inability to focus due to a defect
119
Emmetropia
Measured normal vision
120
Phacoemulsification
Lens of the eye is liquified by vibration and sucked out, then replaced by a plastic lens (to treat cataracts)
121
Ophthalmotonometry
Procedure used to measure eye pressure in the diagnosis of glaucoma
122
Pinna
Ear flap
123
Pinna
Ear flap
124
Eustachian tube
Auditory tube
125
Auditory ossicles
Three bones in the middle ear (some of the smallest in the body). They transmit sound from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth.
126
Malleus
(Hammer) An ossicle attached to the inner surface of the eardrum
127
Incus
Receives vibrations from the malleus and transmits them further into the ear
128
Stapes
Third auditory ossicle
129
Vestibule
Middle part of the bony labyrinth, responsible for balance
130
Cochlea
Responsible for auditory sensation
131
Semicircular canals
Responsible for movement and passing information on to the brain
132
Static equilibrium
Detection of linear acceleration (vestibular function)
133
Dynamic equilibrium
Detection of angular acceleration (semicircular canals)
134
AD
Auris dextra- right ear
135
AS
Auris sinistra- left ear
136
What are the three auditory ossicles
Malleus, incus, stapes
137
Decibel
Unit of measurement for intensity of sound
138
Salping/o
Eustachian tubes (also refers to fallopian tubes in the reproductive system)
139
Audiologist
Specialist in the study of hearing
140
Conductive deafness
Impairment of the middle ear mechanism
141
Grommet
Very small tube which drains fluid from the middle ear
142
Labyrinthine disease
Internal ear impairment (deafness, tinnitus, vertigo, nausea)
143
Meniere's Disease
Increased fluid in the internal ear
144
Myringoplasty
Surgical ear drum repair
145
Otitis externa
Inflammation of the external ear
146
Otitis interna
Inflammation of the internal ear
147
Otitis media
Bacterial infection of the middle ear
148
Otosclerosis
Hardening of bone in the ear
149
Rinne's test
Test for deafness using a tuning fork
150
Sensorineural deafness
Caused by an impaired cochlea or nerve
151
Tinnitus
Ringing, roaring or clicking in the ears
152
Vertigo
Spinning sensation, dizziness
153
Weber's test
Test for comparison of hearing in both ears
154
Olfactory sensation
Sense of smell
155
Olfactory nerve
First and shortest cranial nerve, also known as CN1. Consists of afferent (towards centre) and efferent (away from centre) sensory fibres.
156
Cilia
Hair like projections which help to move air along passages in the body
157
Nares
Nostrils
158
Anosmia
Inability to smell- this is temporary but can be a sign of degenerative brain disease, such as Parkinson's or Huntington's
159
Hyposmia
Reduced ability to smell, can be temporary when caused by inflammation
160
Dysosmia
Smells are mixed up, for instance a rose might smell like rotting garbage
161
What are the four types of sinus
Maxillary (behind cheekbones), ethmoid (bridge of the nose) sphenoid (forehead) , frontal (above eyes)
162
Cacosmia
Condition of stench or unpleasant odour
163
Meatus
A passage or opening
164
Mucopurulent
Containing mucous or pus
165
Mucosal
Pertaining to the membrane lining the maxillary sinus
166
Mucous
A viscous secretion
167
Purulent
Containing pus
168
Leucopaenia
Abnormally low levels of white blood cells
169
Parotitis
Inflammation of the parotid glands (salivary)
170
Pharmacology
Study of drugs
171
Syndrome
Collection of medical symptoms which do not correlate but are associated with a specific disease or disorder
172
Orthoptics
The study or treatment of irregularities of the eyes
173
Stertorous
Noisy and laboured breathing
174
Pneumothorax
Collapsed lung
