Adverse Drug Reactions

Question 1

Adverse drug reaction definition

Answer 1

Any drug response that is not prophylactic , therapeutic , or of diagnostic effect to the patient at normal doses

Question 2

2 main types of adverse drug reaction

Answer 2

Type A - augmented, due to The drug itself
Type B - bizarre , host specific-> true allergy or non specific mechanisms

Question 3

Which type of adverse drug reaction is commonest

Answer 3

Type A 85-90%

Question 5

PROPOFOL adverse drug reactions

Answer 5

CVD (depression)-> vasodilatation ,hypotension
Respi (depression)
CNS depression, seizure tonic clonic, opisthotonos
Pain on injection
Anaphylaxis
Antiemetic (good so not adverse)

Question 6

Ketamine adverse drugs reaction

Answer 6

CVS - increased HR, BP, SVR , Myocardial depressant
Respi - increased salivation, tracheal and bronchial secretions
CNS - dissociative amnesia, delirium emergence
Nystagmus , diplopia , blurred vision

Question 7

Etomidate adverse drug rxns

Answer 7

CVS - minimar -cardiostability
Respi - involuntary muscle movement
CNS - ventilatory responses to CO2-> Apnoea
PONV

Question 8

Atracurium (muscle relaxant) adverse drug rxns

Answer 8

CVS - histamine -> vasodilatation
histamine release with decreased BP, bradycardia hypersensitivity CNS ,
respi -bronchospasms due to histamine release
CNS - seizures

Question 9

Morphine adverse drug reactions

Answer 9

CVS - bradycardia and decreased bp
Respi - wooden chest syndrome ( thoracic muscles rigidity)
CNS - sedation , amnesia

Question 10

Suxamethonium adverse effects

Answer 10

CVS - tachycardia , hypertension
Respi- histamine release , suppress ventilation
CNS - increase ICP IOP,
MH
Hyperkalemia

Question 11

If cant use sux because of adverse effect, what can you use instead for RSI

Answer 11

Rocuronium

Question 12

Adverse effects of local anesthetics ( lidocaine, bupivacaine)

Answer 12

CVS - disrupt electrical activity (bupivacaine highly cardio toxic)
Respi - respiratory arrest if gets high, bronchospams
CNS - numbness, tinnitus, seizures, coma
Allergy

Question 13

Nitrous oxide / inhalational agents adverse effects

Answer 13

CVS- decrease SVR and BP, dysrythmias if halothane+adrenaline
Respi. - pungeant ones can cause irritation to airways and lead to bronchospasm
CNS - increase ICP, cerebral blood flow
No sevoflurane in renal dx
MH
PONV