Monitoring

Question 1

Role of monitoring

Answer 1

Avoid complications - awareness, hemodynamic surges, respiratory failure, AKI, hypothermia hyperthermia

Question 2

Minimum monitoring required

Answer 2

ECG - 3leads
Pulse oximetry
NIBP - non invasive blood pressure
Capnography
Temperature if more than 1h

Question 3

Additional monitoring in some situations

Answer 3

Invasive BP
Précordial stethoscope
CVP
ECHO
Urine output
Neuromuscular monitoring
Electronic brain monitoring

Question 4

ECG lead used for arrhythmias

Answer 4

Lead II

Question 5

ECG lead used for ischemia

Answer 5

Lead V

Question 6

Neuromuscular monitoring

Answer 6

Peripheral nerve stimulator ( over ulnar nerve adductor policies)
Train of four (four stimuli 2hz for2s)

Question 8

Signs and symptoms of light anaesthesia

Answer 8

Tachycardia ,Hpt
Tachypnoea , Coughing, Laryngospasm
Lacrimal ion, eye movement, sweating
Respond to pain

Question 9

What is a capnograph

Answer 9

A graphical display of level of expired CO2 against time

Question 10

What is ETCO2 - end tidal carbon dioxide

Answer 10

Highest level of expired CO2 on capnograph tracing during tidal breathing

Question 11

What. Is it and give label

Answer 11

1 Inspiratory baseline
1-2 initial phase of exhalation
2 expiratory upstroke - sharp rise in CO2
3 expiratory plateau - alveolar ETCO2 35-45
4 Inspiratory down stroke

Question 12

How is the capnograph if intubation in esophagus

Answer 12

No or very little co2 detected

Question 13

Answer 13

Hyperventilation

Question 14

Answer 14

Hypoventilation

Question 15

Answer 15

Inadequate NM paralysis

Question 16

Answer 16

Tube obstruction

Question 17

Answer 17

Malignant hyperthermia

Question 18

Answer 18

Loss of cardiac output

Question 19

Answer 19

Breathing system disconnection