AE FINAL

Question 1

Who didn’t join Shackleton on his Nimrod expedition and why?

Answer 1

Wilson, because he was loyal to Scott

Question 2

Where did Shackleton take his men on the Nimrod Expedition?

Answer 2

New Zealand then to McMurdo

Question 3

What was the most treacherous part of the Nimrod Expedition with Shackleton?

Answer 3

the glaciers with crevasses after getting off the ice shelf

Question 4

What was the plan for the Nimrod Expedition?

Answer 4

Have sleds drop supplies ahead of them to the polar plateau

Question 5

What happened on the Shackleton Nimrod Expedition?

Answer 5

In the spring, Shackleton set out with 3 men using ponies for the 1st leg. He made it the furthest south on the plateau but had to turn back for his men’s safety. He was hailed a hero for always putting his men 1st.

Question 6

What did Shackleton discover on the Nimrod Expedition>

Answer 6

The south magnetic pole. He was declared one of the greatest explorers in British history

Question 7

Why didn’t Shackleton set up quarters on the ice shelf?

Answer 7

he saw it had collapsed and was unreliable

Question 8

Why didn’t Shackleton set up quarters at Hut Pointe?

Answer 8

It was closed off by ice

Question 9

Where did Shackleton end up setting up quarters?

Answer 9

Cape Royds, but it was even farther from the South Pole, but also closest to ice-free area

Question 10

_____ was an Australian geologist on the Nimrod Expedition and made the 1st ascent of Mt. Erebus

Answer 10

Douglas Mawson

Question 11

What did Douglas Mawson of the Nimrod Expedition study at Mt. Erebus?

Answer 11

Lake and ocean waters. He also kept a meteorological station to keep busy

Question 12

What part did Douglas Mawson play on the track to the South Pole?

Answer 12

He was in the party of 3 that set out for the South Pole and helped set up depots across the ice.

Question 13

The Nimrod Expedition was the first for what? (2)

Answer 13

1. Motor vehicle use

2. Pony use

Question 14

Was the use of motor vehicles successful in the Nimrod Expedition

Answer 14

No, they got stuck in the snow and overheated more than they froze

Question 15

Was the use of ponies successful in the Nimrod Expedition>

Answer 15

No, they slowed them down and eventually were shot

Question 16

What were the main significant things about Shackleton’s attempt to the South Pole? (5)

Answer 16

1. Made it the farthest south
2. found south magnetic pole
3. 1st ascent on Mt. Erebus
4. 1st cars/ponies
5. hailed as hero for putting men’s safety 1st

Question 17

The Terra Nova Expedition was another attempt to reach the South Pole lead by _____

Answer 17

Robert Falcon Scott

Question 18

The _____ was another attempt to reach the South Pole lead by Robert Falcon Scott

Answer 18

Terra Nova Expedition

Question 19

Who did Scott bring along with him on the Terra Nova Expedition?

Answer 19

Wilson

Question 20

The _____ was the name of the old whaling ship that Scott used to get to the South Pole

Answer 20

Terra Nova

Question 21

Who else was making an attempt to get to the South Pole at the same time Scott was?

Answer 21

Ronal Amundsen

Question 22

What was significant about Amundsen?

Answer 22

He had been working in the Arctic and gained a lot of polar experience. He didn’t tell his men they were going south until they left the port.

Question 23

What was the difference between Scott and Amundsen for the Polar travel and objectives?

Answer 23

Scott: took 1 previous trip to Antarctic, brought ponies/manhaul sleds, set up hut at Cape Evans, larger group for research, separated people based on military protocol

Amundsen: better prepared/had more experience, brought sleds/skis/dogs, se up on Ross Ice Shelf, kept men busy in winter

Question 24

What did Wilson want to study and why?

Answer 24

Emperor Penguins, because they were thought to be the most prehistoric egg in the world

Question 25

What happened on the "Worst Journey in the World" (Wilson's trek to study Emperor Penguins)

Answer 25

They had to double the length of the journey][and were gone 37 days. They made a stone hut on Cape Crozier. Weight of cargo got heavier as they went along and they broke an egg on the way back. Apsley had health issues for the rest of his life from this journey.

Question 26

_____ was a photographer on the Terra Nove Expedition and made a film called 90 Degrees South

Answer 26

Herbert Pointing

Question 27

What did Herbert Pointing do with his photography?

Answer 27

Advertised it to raise funds for Antarctic trips

Question 28

When did Amundsen and Scott leave for the pole?

Answer 28

Amundsen: September Scott: November

Question 29

When did Amundsen and Scott reach the pole?

Answer 29

Amundsen: December Scott: January

Question 30

All teams with Amundsen and Scott started laying _____ with food/supplies in the spring to prepare for journeys to the pole

Answer 30

depots

Question 31

Why did Scott die?

Answer 31

Scott stopped to collect fossils on the way back from the pole. They got trapped in a blizzard which made traveling hard. They died in a tent between One Ton and Mt. Hooper. Apsley tried to find them but had to turn around because one of his men faked being sick.

Question 32

What was the aftermath of Scott's death in England?

Answer 32

Scott was a national hero, but later critics claimed he wasn't prepared enough

Question 33

Who was Scott's northern party and what were they doing?

Answer 33

He had a northern party in the Ross Sea doing mapping on Cape Adare. They were then Brough to Inexpressible Island where they got stock for the winter in a snow cave. They were the ones who named the island.

Question 34

What happened to Cape Evans after it was used?

Answer 34

Its maintained by New Zealand and Scott's grandson helped 100 years later going to the South Pole. The hut was also used on the Terra Nova Expedition.

Question 35

What happened to Shackleton's ship in the Weddell Sea?

Answer 35

It got stuck and drifted. When the ice started to melt it crushed it and sank the ship

Question 36

What happened after the Endurance (Shackleton's ship) sank?

Answer 36

They had to row boats to the closest island

Question 37

the closest island that Shackleton and his men could row their boats to was _____, which had limited resources making them have to leave

Answer 37

Elephant Island

Question 38

After reaching Elephant Island, Shackleton and his men had to leave for South Georgia Island because of limited resources. What happened on the way?

Answer 38

They encountered a rogue wave caused by seismic activity

Question 39

What happened to Shackleton on South Georgia Island?

Answer 39

They landed 17 miles and a mountain range away from Stromness, so they trekked there for a year. They were picked up and went to get their men.

Question 40

When was the end of the Heroic Age?

Answer 40

Shortly after Shackleton died in 1922. After that there were few excursions.

Question 41

_____ was an American naval flight instructor who was the 1st to fly over the Arctic

Answer 41

Richard Byrd

Question 42

Byrd obtained funds and planes to go to Antarctica. They set up a base near Amundsen's old base on the _____

Answer 42

Ross Ice Shelf

Question 43

What was the name of Byrd's base on the Ross Ice Shelf?

Answer 43

Little America

Question 44

What did Byrd discover on his flight and sled party to the pole? (3)

Answer 44

1. sedimentary rock 2. mountain ranges 3. more evidence Antarctica was a continent

Question 45

What happened to Byrd when he returned home?

Answer 45

He was celebrated and promoted to rear-admiral

Question 46

What was Byrd's flight to the pole and back like?

Answer 46

He flew there in 15 hours and had to throw things out of the plane to make it lighter to get over the plateau

Question 47

What was the name of Byrd's 2nd expedition and what was the purpose?

Answer 47

Little America II and to do research

Question 48

What happened to Byrd when he spent part of winter in a weather station alone?

Answer 48

He developed Carbon Monoxide poisoning from a leaky stove which weakened him. He tried to fake it like he was fine to his men, but when they realized he was sick they went and rescued him

Question 49

What were the Scientific discoveries and advances at Little America II?

Answer 49

1. No strait between Ross and Weddell seas, proved Antarctica is 1 large continent 2. New mountains 3. More life 4. Meteorites

Question 50

What did Little America II set the foundation for?

Answer 50

scientific studies in Antarctic

Question 51

What else was happening outside of Byrd's research in Antarctica?

Answer 51

many countries started to lay claim on antarctic territories

Question 52

France claimed _____ which irritated Australia who sent Mawson to lay claims

Answer 52

Adelie Land

Question 53

Who was also involved in claiming land with France?

Answer 53

Norway and Germany

Question 54

Britain established the _____ and claimed between 150-160 degrees longitude for New Zealand

Answer 54

Ross Island Dependency

Question 55

_____ was an aviator who helped Amundsen in the arctic and made the 1st transantarctic flight

Answer 55

Lincoln Ellsworth

Question 56

Where is Ellsworth's plane now?

Answer 56

The air and space museum

Question 57

What happened on Little America III?

Answer 57

They sent Byrd to do more research and returned with more data and 1st color photos of Antarctica