Lecture XV: Adelie Penguin Paleohistory

Question 1

the _____ became a bioindicator species for past conditions in Antarctica since they needed open water and ice-free terrain

Answer 1

Adelie Penguin

Question 2

what are the 2 bioindicators that the Adelie penguin can provide?

Answer 2

1. How long they’ve been in an area indicated how long its been ice free with open water
2. organic material can indicate diet, food abundance, and changes

Question 3

What are the 4 requirements for their breeding sites?

Answer 3

1. Ice free terrain
2. open water
3. nearby food sources
4. pebbles

Question 4

What happens if chicks die or dont die?

Answer 4

If chick survive and fledge, the colony grows. If they dont, the adults die and the colony dies off and get abandoned

Question 5

_____ causes a neutron to hit N14 which converts it to C14

Answer 5

Solar Radiation

Question 6

Solar Radiation causes a neutron to hit N14 which converts it into _____

Answer 6

C14

Question 7

C14 oxidizes to form _____

Answer 7

CO2

Question 8

What happens when CO2 is absorbed?

Answer 8

Its incorporated into tissues of animals as they eat the plant tissues which have retained the C14 ratio

Question 9

What happens when an organism dies? (C14)

Answer 9

C14 stops being replaced and starts to decay

Question 10

How long can you date C14 after an organism dies?

Answer 10

Can date within 25-50 years of when an organism died

Question 11

Where else does CO2 also dissolve?

Answer 11

ocean water

Question 12

What does the Marine Carbon Reservoir Effect mean?

Answer 12

CO2 also dissolves in ocean water, but decaying begins as soon as it hits the water. Antarctic water sinks below the ice and when circumpolar deep water upwells, it goes into the food chain.

Question 13

The _____ is one of the longest records of Adelie Penguins

Answer 13

Ross Seal Paleorecord

Question 14

the modern history of the Ross Sea Paleorecord extends from _____ to ____ which has the largest colony

Answer 14

Ross Island to Cape Adare

Question 15

Many colonies of Adelie penguins occur in _____ due to the polynya

Answer 15

Terra Nova Bay

Question 16

_____ hasn’t been occupied by Adelie penguins in 1000 years

Answer 16

Cape Barne

Question 17

Why dont Adelie penguins occupy Cape Barne anymore?

Answer 17

In the 80s the sea ice broke up and they used it to nest for a year or 2, then the ice coverage forced them to abandon the colony

Question 18

Colonies change in response to _____

Answer 18

marine climate

Question 19

the largest colonies are near _____

Answer 19

polynyas