Ageing and Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Social ___________: as we age, we focus on the interpersonal relationships that matter most

Answer 1

selectivity

Question 2

_____________: Practice of prescribing multiple drugs to patients

Answer 2

Polypharmacy

Question 3

____ effects: The effects of being a certain age

Answer 3

Age

Question 4

_________ Effects: The effects of growing up in a certain time period (great depression, war)

Answer 4

Cohort

Question 5

____-of-___________ effects: The effects of testing people at particular times of history

Answer 5

Time or measurement

Question 6

___________ ageing refers to changes that occur due to the passage of chronological time

Answer 6

Primary

Question 7

__________ ageing is not a normal part of ageing and includes disease states

Answer 7

secondary

Question 8

___________ processing ________ decline: Declines are in effortful, speed-based, tasks rather than automatic processing

Answer 8

Information processing capacity decline

Question 9

The _______ lobe theory: _______ lobe deterioration occurs in later life affecting higher order cognitive processes

Answer 9

The frontal lobe theory

Question 10

psychiatric diagnoses ______ later in life

Answer 10

decline

Question 11

What is Erikson’s psychosocial crisis stage and basic virtue at +65?

Answer 11

Ego integrity vs. Despair; Wisdom

Question 12

Cohen’s four key stages later in life:

1: Mid-life re-________: exploration and transition
2: L_______: more comfortable and not afraid of mistakes
3: ________-up: resolution and review
4: E_______: a desire to make a final statement

Answer 12

evaluation; liberation; summing-up; encore

Question 13

________: Marked deterioration of cognitive function (Impaired social and occupational functioning that is progressive)

Answer 13

Dementia

Question 14

What is Dementia now known as?

Answer 14

Neurocognitive disorder

Question 15

______ Neurocognitive disorder: Significant decline in attention, executive functioning, memory etc. These interfere with everyday activities

Answer 15

Major

Question 16

______ Neurocognitive disorder: modest decline in attention, executive functioning, memory etc that does not interfere with the capacity for independence in everyday activities

Answer 16

mild

Question 17

What is typically the first symptom in dementia?

Answer 17

Gradual loss in recent memory

Question 18

Is difficulty with emotional control found in dementia?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

______: Inability to identify object despite intact senses

Answer 19

Agnosia

Question 20

_______: problems with learned activities despite intact motor functions

Answer 20

Apraxia

Question 21

______: Impairment in comprehending or expressing language

Answer 21

Aphasia

Question 22

Depression can sometimes be the first sign of d______

Answer 22

dementia

Question 23

Psychosis, anger and aggression, and anxiety are some symptoms associated with ________

Answer 23

dementia

Question 24

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of _________

Answer 24

dementia

Question 25

In Alzheimers...plaques are found in the ______ cortex, while tangles are primarily found in the __________

Answer 25

Prefrontal; hippocampus

Question 26

__________ dementia : cognitive deterioration related to cerebrovascular disease

Answer 26

Vascular

Question 27

___________ Dementia is the second most common cause of dementia

Answer 27

vascular

Question 28

Risk factors for _________ dementia include strokes, hypertension, diabetes, smoking

Answer 28

vascular

Question 29

______ _______ dementia is due to cognitive deterioration due to changes in cortical neurons

Answer 29

lewy body dementia

Question 30

_____ ______ dementia is the third most common dementia

Answer 30

Lewy Body

Question 31

Hallucinations and delusions are common in what type of dementia?

Answer 31

Lewy Body Dementia

Question 32

_____________ dementia is a hereditary disorder that affect the the frontal and temporal lobes and mainly affects personality and language

Answer 32

Frontotemporal

Question 33

Behaviour becomes disinhibited and repetitive in __________ dementia

Answer 33

frontotemporal

Question 34

Are there phases of dementia?

Answer 34

Yes

Question 35

Key features of _____ stage dementia are problems with word findings, forgetful about recent events, indecisiveness and take longer with routine jobs

Answer 35

early

Question 36

Features of _________ stage dementia are very forgetful, confuse one family member with another, start getting lost, become easily disoriented and distressed.

Answer 36

intermediate

Question 37

Features of _____ stage dementia is unable to remember information for even a few minutes, lose ability to understand and use speech, show no recognition of friends and family

Answer 37

Late

Question 38

_____-stage dementia results in coma and death due to immune system compromise

Answer 38

end

Question 39

In dementia, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are intended to ________ functioning (delay worsening) and usually prescribe for mild to moderate symptoms

Answer 39

preserve

Question 40

``` Eating well Exercising Keeping the mind active Seeing your GP Develop and maintain social support ``` are all presentations for _________

Answer 40

dementia

Question 41

_____-life depression is major depression after 60

Answer 41

Late

Question 42

Is anxiety or depression more common in later life ?

Answer 42

anxiety

Question 43

Bates theory of Selection, ___________, and ___________

Answer 43

optimisation; compensation

Question 44

Baltes theory: 1: Identify and prioritise ______ 2: __________ performance 3: ___________- adapting to limitations

Answer 44

Goals; Optimise performance; Compensating

Question 45

_________ intelligent does not decline much in old age but _______ does

Answer 45

crystallised; Fluid

Question 46

________ attention: defined as the ability to control one's attentional processes is a complex attentional process that decreases with age

Answer 46

Executive

Question 47

Reduced blood flow to the frontal lobes could explain _______ ________ declines in older age

Answer 47

Executive attention

Question 48

_________ memory, or memory about remembering is affected by age

Answer 48

Prospective

Question 49

Memory for facts (_______ memory) is more resistant to ageing compared to memory for events (________ memory)

Answer 49

Semantic; Empisodic

Question 50

Is recognition or recall memory more resistant to change in old age?

Answer 50

Recognition

Question 51

________: expert knowledge and judgement about important, difficult, or uncertain questions encountered during life

Answer 51

Wisdom

Question 52

What is one reason that mood and anxiety disorders decline into old age?

Answer 52

They have mastered better coping strategies for managing distressing emotions

Question 53

Erikson emphasised _______, while Costa and McCrae emphasised ________

Answer 53

change; stability

Question 54

When does the mid life re-evaluation phase occur?

Answer 54

40s-60s

Question 55

When does the Liberation stage occur?

Answer 55

60-70

Question 56

When does the summing up stage occur?

Answer 56

70s

Question 57

When does the Encore phase occur?

Answer 57

80s onward

Question 58

__________ has been regarded as a term for a broad class of neurological disorders associated with cognitive, personality and behavioural changes in later life

Answer 58

Dementia

Question 59

________: a twisted mass of tiny filaments inside nerve cells; ________: abnormal clumps of degenerating brain cells

Answer 59

Tangles; Plaques

Question 60

a_______ b____ produces plaques and tangles

Answer 60

amyloid beta

Question 61

: Multiple cortical infarcts (strokes) : Single infarct in a critical brain region : Small vessel disease in the brain are the three causes of what type of dementia?

Answer 61

Vascular

Question 62

What is a hallmark feature in frontotemporal dementia?

Answer 62

A decline in interpersonal conduct (being ruder)

Question 63

Can someone ever be diagnosed with dementia while alive?

Answer 63

No it is either probable (2 symptoms) or possible (1 symptom) until death where an autopsy can be performed

Question 64

Loss of ________ in old age is reported particularly in common with depression

Answer 64

memory

Question 65

Those with late-onset __________ experience significant cognitive dysfunction, increased comorbidity of medical illnesses

Answer 65

depression

Question 66

What is the most common suicide provoker in old age?

Answer 66

A single episode of unipolar depression without psychotic symptoms

Question 67

As a treatment option, are anti-anxiety medications recommended in anxiety later in life?

Answer 67

No not at all because of negative side effects