Week 5: Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

Between academic and clinical opinions…the definition of psychosis is _________

Answer 1

Contentious

Question 2

Psychotic disorders are characterised by ________ and __________ symptoms

Answer 2

positive; negative

Question 3

What are positive symptoms?

Answer 3

Additional features that should not be there such as hallucinations

Question 4

What are negative symptoms?

Answer 4

Absence or insufficiency of normal behaviour

Question 5

_____________ : Experience of a sensory event without input from the surrounding environment

Answer 5

Hallucinations

Question 6

What are the most common type of hallucinations?

Answer 6

Auditory hallucinations

Question 7

__________: A false belief not generally held by other members of the person’s culture which is firmly held despite evidence to the contrary

Answer 7

Delusions

Question 8

Delusions or _______ are often associated with manic phase of bipolar

Answer 8

grandeur

Question 9

What is the most common type of delusion?

Answer 9

Paranoid delusions

Question 10

Delusions of ________ : general information refers to you

Answer 10

reference

Question 11

Delusions of being ________ (passivity phenomena)

Answer 11

controlled

Question 12

Is disorganised thinking a positive or negative symptom?

Answer 12

Positive

Question 13

Is disorganised behaviour a positive or negative symptom?

Answer 13

Positive

Question 14

Formal ______ disorder: Disturbances in logical sequencing and coherence of thought.

Answer 14

thought

Question 15

Are current treatments for psychotic features better at treating positive or negative symptoms?

Answer 15

Better at positive

Question 16

__________: lack of activity initiation

Answer 16

abolition

Question 17

What is the most common psychotic disorder?

Answer 17

Schizophrenia

Question 18

____________: Psychotic disorder that may involve disturbances in thinking (delusions and though disorder), perception (hallucinations), speech, emotions, and behaviour

Answer 18

Schizophrenia

Question 19

_________ disorder: Cluster of disorders characterised by hallucinations and/or loss of contact with reality

Answer 19

psychotic disorder

Question 20

__________ disorder: persistent belief country to reality (delusion) in the absence of other symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 20

delusional

Question 21

Delusions are often long-standing and may persist over several years in __________ disorder

Answer 21

delusional

Question 22

Are the delusions in schizophrenia or delusional disorder more realistic?

Answer 22

Delusional disorder

Question 23

_______ _______ disorder: Psychotic symptoms present for up to one month, with full return to premorbid functioning

Answer 23

break psychotic disorder

Question 24

_______ ________ disorder (Folie a Deux) : delusions develop as a result of close relationship with a delusional individual

Answer 24

shared psychotic

Question 25

_____________ disorder: Equivalent to schizophrenia, but lasting less than 6 months

Answer 25

schizophreniform

Question 26

___________ disorder: psychotic disorder with symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorder

Answer 26

schizoaffective disorder

Question 27

______ - _______ psychotic disorders

Answer 27

Prominent hallucinations or delusions

Question 28

Patients with psychosis often suffer from _________ which may then contribute to suicide

Answer 28

depression

Question 29

_______ phase: risk factors before any change (e.g. poor peer relationships in adolescents.

Answer 29

premorbid

Question 30

________ phase: preliminary period of change prior to onset (gradual deterioration in mental state/behaviour

Answer 30

prodromal

Question 31

______ phase: active positive and negative symptoms

Answer 31

acute phase

Question 32

___ _____ phase: associated with depression and anxiety

Answer 32

early recovery

Question 33

Later ________ phase: challenges with reintegration

Answer 33

recovery

Question 34

_______ - _______ model states that psychotic episode occurs because of an interaction between an underlying vulnerability and some stressful triggering event

Answer 34

Diathesis-Stress

Question 35

Drugs that increase dopamine (_________), result in schizophrenia-like behaviour

Answer 35

agonists

Question 36

Drugs that decrease dopamine (_________), result in schizophrenia-like behaviour

Answer 36

antagonists

Question 37

People with schizophrenia have enlarged _________ and decreased activity in their _________ lobes; also a smaller ___________

Answer 37

ventricles; frontal; hippocampus

Question 38

Decreased activity in the frontal lobes is called __________

Answer 38

hypofrontality

Question 39

Stress hormones affect early __________ development

Answer 39

hippocampus

Question 40

________ ________ is the critical, hostile, and emotionally over-involved attitude that relatives have toward a family member with a disorder

Answer 40

Expressed emotion

Question 41

_______ _______ imagery theory of hallucinations: hallucination individuals have increased vividness of their auditory imagery -- miss-interpret it as a real sound

Answer 41

Refined auditory

Question 42

Dtysfunctioning in _____ self monitoring: A breakdown in ability to monitor one's intention to make internal speech -- confuses internal speech as external

Answer 42

verbal

Question 43

Individuals with ________ tend to blame other people rather than themselves when faced with negative life events

Answer 43

delusions

Question 44

Evidence of a deficit in information storage is related to ______ ______ disorder

Answer 44

formal thought

Question 45

________ distress may contribute to the formal thought disorder

Answer 45

emotional

Question 46

________ - economy was a psychological intervention used in psychotic disorders

Answer 46

token

Question 47

There is no universally agreed upon definition of ___________

Answer 47

psychosis

Question 48

What are the five diverse symptoms of psychotic disorders stated by the DSM?

Answer 48

- Delusions - Hallucinations - Disorganised thinking - disorganised or abnormal motor behaviour - negative symptoms

Question 49

Positive symptoms of psychotic disorder are ___________, delusions, ________ disorder, and ______ disturbances

Answer 49

delusions, thought, motor

Question 50

__________ symptoms refer to deficits in psychological processes including ______, affective flattening, and ______

Answer 50

abolition, alogia

Question 51

What is alogia?

Answer 51

A lack of unprompted speech

Question 52

What is avolition?

Answer 52

Loss of drive or motivation

Question 53

___________ are the most distressing of psychotic symptoms

Answer 53

hallucinations

Question 54

__ % of patients with schizophrenia report hallucinations

Answer 54

75

Question 55

__________ delusions: a agency or group is trying to harm the individual etc.

Answer 55

paranoid

Question 56

________ of reference: highly personal messages are apparently being conveyed by neutral sources (a poster or bus commercial)

Answer 56

delusions

Question 57

_________ delusions: a false belief regarding the appearance or functioning of one's body

Answer 57

somatic

Question 58

_________ delusions are associated, but not restricted to, manic episodes

Answer 58

grandiose

Question 59

_________ delusions and delusions of guilt are typically associated with episodes of severe major depression

Answer 59

nihilistic

Question 60

_________ delusions include a conviction that one is dead or that parts of one's body or the environment have ceased to exist

Answer 60

nihilistic

Question 61

________ delusions are also known as 'morbid delusions' or the 'othello' syndrome

Answer 61

jealousy

Question 62

__________ delusions entail a false belief that the patient's romantic feelings are reciprocated by the other person

Answer 62

erotomanic

Question 63

Delusions that entail a belief that the patient is under the control of some person, force, or agency are known as ________ phenomena

Answer 63

passivity

Question 64

Aside from content, delusions are also categorised into _____ and non-________ on the basis of whether they are considered physically possible within a person's culture

Answer 64

bizarre; non-bizarre

Question 65

(Primary/Secondary) delusions are those that have formed without a prior psychopathological event or process having led to the false conclusion

Answer 65

Primary

Question 66

(Primary/Secondary) delusions are theoretically subsequent to abnormal changes in mood, memory, or perception

Answer 66

Secondary

Question 67

________ _________ disorder refers to disturbance in the logical sequencing and coherence of thought

Answer 67

Formal thought

Question 68

The severity of Formal Thought Disorder is inferred through assessments of the person's ________

Answer 68

speech

Question 69

Disturbances of thought can be divided into _______ (addition of disturbed thought processes) and _________ (deficit in thought processes) manifestations

Answer 69

positive; negative

Question 70

________ _________ disorder refers to a reduced stream of thought as evident in poverty of speech

Answer 70

Negative thought

Question 71

________ behaviour is defined as 'a marked decrease in reactivity to the environment'

Answer 71

Catatonic

Question 72

__________ behaviour: marked motor abnormalities such as adopting unusual postures or engaging in repetitive movements

Answer 72

Catatonic

Question 73

_____ features refer to those symptoms that are necessary for a diagnosis

Answer 73

core

Question 74

Two of five symptoms mist be present for a significant portion during a one month period for a diagnosis of schizophrenia. What are the five possible symptoms?

Answer 74

- Delusions - Hallucinations - Disorganised speech - Disorganised or catatonic behaviour - Negative symptoms

Question 75

Finally for a schizophrenia diagnosis... continuous signs of schizophrenia must have been consistently present for at least __ months

Answer 75

6

Question 76

Patients with psychotic disorders often suffer from d_________

Answer 76

depression

Question 77

The use of ________ is associated with an earlier onset of psychosis

Answer 77

cannabis

Question 78

What was the earliest term for schizophrenia?

Answer 78

Dementia praecox

Question 79

The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is approx _ to _ %

Answer 79

1 to 2

Question 80

The _________-_______ model assumes that a psychotic episode occurs when a triggering event interacts with an underlying vulnerability and overwhelms the coping resources of the individual

Answer 80

diathesis-stress

Question 81

The _______ hypothesis of schizophrenia states that the disorder is associated with excessive _________ function in the central nervous system

Answer 81

dopamine; dopaminergic

Question 82

Negative symptoms of psychosis have been closely associated with the loss of ______ and ______ brain matter...particularly in the _______ cortex

Answer 82

grey; white; prefrontal

Question 83

Abnormalities in the ___________ appear to predate the onset of psychosis (at least among those with a family history of psychosis)

Answer 83

Hippocampus

Question 84

_________ models propose that early psychosocial experiences (such as exposure to stress and trauma) result in the formation of dysfunctional cognitions that in turn trigger psychotic symptoms

Answer 84

Cognitive

Question 85

Patients with ________ tend to make for cognitive errors in tasks of general reasoning

Answer 85

Delusions

Question 86

What Model has had a great impact on the development and use of treatment options for schizophrenia and psychosis?

Answer 86

The Diathesis-Stress Model.

Question 87

What type of treatment is used in the prodromal phase?

Answer 87

CBT

Question 88

When is psychoeducation most helpful in the treatment of psychotic disorders?

Answer 88

During and after the first episode of psychotic symptoms during the acute phase.

Question 89

___________ approaches are at the centre of care for the treatment of acute psychosis

Answer 89

pharmacological

Question 90

Should high or low effective does be prescribed first during the acute psychosis stage?

Answer 90

The lowest possible.

Question 91

What does tardive dyskinesia result from?

Answer 91

Taking neuroleptic drugs