Aggression

Question 1

What is a common element to aggression according to Carlson et al (1989)?

Answer 1

intent to harm

Question 2

Bushman & Huesman (2010) - definition of aggression

Answer 2

behaviour that is intended to harm another person who is motivated to avoid that harm

Question 3

What are the individual / situational factors on aggression?

Answer 3

personality
alcohol
disinhibition
deindividuation
dehumanisation
crowd violence

Question 4

Friedman and Rosenman (1959) - personality types

Answer 4

type A = competitive, overactive, achievement oriented
Type B = easy going, relaxed

Question 5

What is another term for Type A personality?

Answer 5

coronary-prone personality

Question 6

Feng et al (2017) - Type A

Answer 6

Type A was linked to increased driving anger

Question 7

What is Alcohol Myopia? (Giancola et al, 2010)

Answer 7

narrows attention to provoking cues in our environment e.g threat stimuli

Question 8

Taylor & Sears (1988) - alcohol study

Answer 8

alcohol / placebo condition
competitive reaction time task
ppts who responded slower receives electric shock
both conditions received same proportion of shocks

Question 9

What is the online disinhibition effect?

Answer 9

people often do and say things online that they wouldn’t normally do face-to-face

Question 10

Suler (2004) 6 factors that explain online disinhibition

Answer 10

dissociative anonymity
invisibility
Asynchronicity
solipsistic introjection
dissociative imagination
minimisation of authority

Question 11

What is solipsistic introjection?

Answer 11

tendency to mentally project and image / fantasy of another person based on limited info

Question 12

What are some elements of deindividuation?

Answer 12

losing sense of self / identity
anonymity
diffusion of responsibility
group size

Question 13

What does dehumanisation mean?

Answer 13

thinking of another person as anonymous, without thoughts. feelings or emotions
denies pain suffered by victim

Question 14

Who came up with the idea of crowd violence as a situational factor of aggression?

Answer 14

Gustave Le Bon (1895)
when people are in crowds, they become mindless and violent
more anonymity

Question 15

Reicher (1984) - example of crowd violence (riot)

Answer 15

St Paul’s Riots (1980)
found rioters had shared social identity
suggested crowd behaviour is more sophisticated than Le Bon suggested

Question 16

Anderson & Bushman (2002) - General Aggression Model

Answer 16

personal factors and situational factors interact
impact on internal state and behaviour
e.g drinking alcohol and being in a crowd

Question 17

What are 3 social theories of aggression?

Answer 17

frustration-aggression hypothesis
social learning theory
video games and aggression

Question 18

Dollard (1939) - frustration aggression hypothesis

Answer 18

aggression is always caused by frustration e.g cannot achieve goals
aggression directed toward source of frustration

Question 19

What are two elements in the frustration aggression hypothesis?

Answer 19

scapegoating
catharsis (aggression relieves frustration)

Question 20

What is the social learning theory in aggression?

Answer 20

behaviour is learnt
by direct or vicarious experience

Question 21

What is an example of one study on social learning theory and aggression?

Answer 21

Bandura et al (1963) bobo doll study
Children who watched an adult behave aggressively behaved more aggressively later

Question 22

Przybylski and Weinstein (2019) - video games and aggression

Answer 22

measured amount of video games played in past month
12-15 yr olds, UK
parents assessed aggression + prosocial
found no relationship between VD and aggression or prosocial

Question 23

What are two cultural factors in aggression?

Answer 23

honour systems
collectivist versus individualistic

Question 24

Bonta (1997) - 25 societies that were without violence, general themes:

Answer 24

co-operation + group success
competition associated with aggression
children cherished until 3 then ignored

Question 25

In the USA, what area has more homicides and why?

Answer 25

south due to cultural response to threats against social status aka 'honour'

Question 26

Cohen (1996) - honour study

Answer 26

ppts walked down narrow hallway confederate bumped into them looked at ppts responses found higher levels of aggression in southern students

Question 27

What are some elements of collectivist cultures?

Answer 27

obeys in group authority less distinction between individual and group goals rely on others

Question 28

What are some elements of individualistic cultures?

Answer 28

assert the self promote own achievements and desires

Question 29

Fujihara (1999) - what aggression was found to be more acceptable in individualistic cultures?

Answer 29

direct verbal aggression