Personality Trait Models Flashcards
(30 cards)
According to Burger (1997) what is a trait?
a trait is a dimension of personality
What are the 2 main assumptions of trait?
they show stability overtime and across situations
What did Wundt do in his trait approach?
canned the categorical types of personality into trait dimensions
What was Wundts 2 dimensions to classify personality?
mood stability
strength of emotions
people placed along dimension
What was Sheldon’s theory of somatotypes?
where personality is described according to somatotypes which were based on physique and temperament
What were the 3 basic types in Sheldon’s theory of somatotypes?
Endomorphy
Mesomorphy
Ectomorphy
What does Endomorphy look like and its temperament?
rounded body
temperament = sociable, love of relaxation
What does Mesomorphy look like and its temperament?
large, defined muscle
temperament = assertive, competitive
What does Ectomorphy look like and its temperament?
light boned, slight muscle
temperament = need for privacy, inhibited
Galtons lexical approaches to personality?
personality traits that are most important to people become part of their language as single terms
frequency corresponds with importance
e.g trait of honesty is more importance than warm because it has more synonyms
Allport (1961) beliefs on traits?
treats produce a unified personality capable of evolution
how treats come together produces uniqueness of people
What approaches did Allport believe gives unique insights not understanding?
Nomothetic and Idiograhic
Allports (1961) - 3 types of personality traits
- cardinal (single trait that dominate individual)
- central (5-10 traits that best describe personality)
- secondary (not a core component)
What did Cattell show?
showed difference between constitutional traits (genetic) and environmental-mold traits
What did Cattell develop to study traits and situational variables interactions?
the multiple abstract variance analysis (MAVA)
calculates influence of both genetic + environmental factors
What are Cattell’s 3 types of traits?
ability traits
temperament
dynamic (3 types: attitudes, sentiments, ergs / innate drives)
What is surface traits versus source traits?
surface traits are overt behaviours
source traits are the underlying traits identified by factor analysis
What measurement tool did Cattell invent for personality?
sixteen personality factor (16PF) questionnaire
What were Eysenck’s 3 supertraits that make up basic structure to personality?
extraversion
neuroticism
psychtocism
What measurement tool did Eysenck come up with?
the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ)
measured 3 supertraits and 27 underlying traits
What type of model was Costa and McCrae’s Big Five Model?
a hierarchal model
What is Costa and McCrae’s Big Five Model and it’s acronym?
OCEAN
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
What measurement did Costa and McCrae use?
NEO-PI
Neuroticism, Extraversion Openness, Personality Inventory
What are the 2 different types of NEO-PI?
NEO-PI-R = phrased 3rd person
NEO-PI-S - phrased in 1st person
