Aircraft Limitations Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
Types of Operations (7)
SOP 3-1
A
- Visual Flight (VFR)
- Day and night
- Instrument
- Icing conditions
- CAT I and II
- RVSM
- EOW (E-175 when properly equipped)
2
Q
Certification Basis - what category?
SOP 3-1
A
Transport category (14CFR 25 and 36)
3
Q
Max recommended crosswind
SOP 3-4
A
Dry: 38 knots Wet: 31 knots Compacted snow: 20 knots Standing water/slush: 18 knots Wet Ice (no melting): 12 knots
4
Q
Max Cargo Compartment Loads E170/E175
SOP 3-3
A
E170: 3020 fwd, 2271 aft
E175: 3307 fwd, 2535 aft
5
Q
Min flight crew
SOP 3-4
A
Pilot and copilot
6
Q
Max tailwind component
SOP 3-4
A
10 knots
7
Q
Max RWY slope
SOP 3-4
A
+/- 2.0%
8
Q
Runway surface type
SOP 3-4
A
Paved
9
Q
Flap maneuvering load limits
Flaps up
SOP 3-4
A
-1.0G to 2.5G
10
Q
Flap maneuvering load limit
Flaps 1 through full
SOP 3-4
A
0.0G to 2.0G
11
Q
Max operating altitude
SOP 3-4
A
41,000ft
12
Q
Max takeoff or landing elevation
SOP 3-4
A
8,000ft
13
Q
Max ambient air temp for takeoff or landing
SOP 3-4
A
52C
14
Q
Max flap extension altitude
SOP 3-4
A
20,000ft
15
Q
Min ambient air temp for t/o or landing
SOP 3-4
A
-40C
16
Q
V(a) definition and speed
(design maneuvering speed)
SOP 3-8
A
Full application of rudder and aileron controls, as well as maneuvers that involve angle of attack near the stall, must be confined below 240 KIAS (C)
Warning: Rapid and large alternating control inputs, especially in combination with large changes in pitch, roll, or yaw (e.g. large sideslip angles) may
result in structural failure at any speed, even below VA.
17
Q
Maximum Takeoff Weight (weight at brake release or at start of the takeoff roll) is limited by the most restrictive of the following: (5)
SOP 3-2
A
- Maximum Takeoff Weight (Climb Limited)
- Maximum Field Length Limited Takeoff Weight
- Maximum Certificated Takeoff Weight
- Obstacle clearance, enroute, and landing limitations
- Brake energy limit weights
18
Q
Maximum Landing Weight is limited by the most restrictive of the following: (3)
SOP 3-2
A
- Maximum approach and landing weight (runway length plus obstacle, altitude, and temperature, & including limitations for inoperative equipment)
- Maximum Landing weight (climb limited)
- Maximum certificated landing weight
19
Q
Vmo FL100-250
SOP 3-7
A
320 KIAS
20
Q
Vmo, SFC - 8000
SOP3-7
A
300 KIAS
21
Q
Mmo
SOP 3-7
A
.82M
22
Q
Max airspeed for RAT operation
SOP
A
Vmo/Mmo
23
Q
Design Maneuvering Speed WARNING
A
Rapid and large alternating control inputs, especially in combination with large changes in pitch, roll, or yaw (e.g. large sideslip angles) may
result in structural failure at any speed, even below VA.
24
Q
Turbulent air penetration speed (2)
SOP 3-6
A
Above 10K: 270 KIAS/.76M (whichever is lower)
Below 10K: 250 KIAS
25
Max tire groundspeed
| SOP 3-6
195 knots
26
Max windshield wiper operations speed
| SOP 3-9
250 KIAS
27
VLO and VLE
| SOP 3-6
250 KIAS
28
VFE 1
| SOP 3-6
230 kias
29
VFE 2
| SOP 3-6
215 kias
30
VFE 3
| SOP 3-6
200 kias
31
VFE 4
| SOP 3-6
180 kias
32
VFE 5
| SOP 3-6
180 kias
33
VFE FULL
| SOP 3-6
165 kias
34
"Every effort will be made to extend the flaps approaching _____, but in no case below _____, to optimize flap life and fuel consumption."
SOP 3-6
Every effort will be made to extend the flaps approaching Green Dot to Green Dot + 10, but in no case below Green Dot, to optimize flap life and fuel consumption
35
Flap operating rules: (4)
| SOP 3-12
- Max altitude 20,000ft
- Enroute use of flaps prohibited (C)
- No holding in icing conditions with flaps extended (C)
- Flaps 4 for approach and landing is prohibited (C)
36
In the SOP, the symbol (C) indicates what?
| SOP 3-1
(C) indicates a company restriction that is more restrictive than the AFM limitation.
37
Temperature limitation for the automatic operation of the anti-icing system
SOP 3-9
There is no limitation for the automatic operation of the anti-icing system
38
Definition of icing conditions (3)
| SOP 3-9
Icing conditions exist when Static Air Temperature (SAT) on the ground/takeoff or Total Air Temperature
(TAT) in flight is:
• 10°C or below; and
• Visible moisture is present, in any form, such as clouds, fog with visibility of one mile or less, rain, snow, sleet and ice crystals; or
• When operating on ramps, taxiways, or runways where surface snow, ice, standing water, or slush may be ingested by the
engines; or freeze on engines, nacelles, or engine sensor probes
39
Engine and Wing Anti-Ice System Operation on the Ground: When is it required?
SOP 3-9
During taxi out and takeoff, the MCDU DATASET MENU must be set to ALL when SAT is 10°C or below and icing
conditions exist or are anticipated. (C)
40
Engine and Wing Anti-Ice System Operations On the Ground
WARNING
SOP 3-9
On the ground, do not rely on visual icing evidence or ice detector actuation to turn on the engine antiicing
system. Use the temperature and visual moisture criteria specified in this section. Delaying the use of the Antiicing system until ice build-up is visible from the flight deck may result in ice ingestion and possible engine damage or
flameout
41
Engine and Wing Anti-Ice System Operations In Flight
WARNING
SOP 3-9
Delaying the use of the anti-icing system until ice build-up is visible from the flight deck may result in ice
ingestion and possible engine damage and/or flameout
42
Engine and Wing Anti-Ice System Operations In Flight: When is it required?
SOP 3-9
The engine and wing anti-ice systems operate automatically in case of ice encounter when the ICE PROTECTION Mode
Selector is in AUTO. If either one or both ice detectors are failed, the crew must set the mode selector to ON when
icing conditions exist or are anticipated at or below 10°C TAT with visible moisture.
43
Max usable fuel quantity per tank
| SOP 3-10
10,393 lbs
44
Unusable fuel per tank
| SOP 3-10
75 lbs
45
Aircraft max fuel capacity (both tanks, usable plus unusable)
SOP 3-10
20,936 lbs
46
Fuel Quantity
NOTE regarding fuel density
SOP 3-10
Fuel density of 6.767 lbs/gal is used in these limitations. Different fuel densities may be used provided the volumetric limits are not exceeded.
47
Primary fuel type (2)
| SOP 3-10
- Jet A (ASTM D1655
| - Jet A-1 (ATSM D1655)
48
Alternate fuel type
| SOP 3-10
JP-8 (MIL-T-83133A)
49
Authorized Brazilian Spec fuel
| SOP 3-10
QAV1
50
Min fuel tank temp
| Sop 3-10
-37C
51
Max fuel imbalance
| SOP 3-10
790 lbs (C)
52
Restriction on use of crossfeed
| SOP 3-10
The XFEED Selector must be set to OFF during takeoff and landing
53
Max differential pressure
| SOP 3-11
8.4psi
54
Max differential overpressure
| SOP 3-11
8.8 psi
55
Max differential negative pressure
| SOP 3-11
-0.5 psi
56
Max diff pressure for t/o or landing
| SOP 3-11
0.2 psi
57
Max altitude for single pack operation
| SOP 3-11
31,000ft
58
Brake cooling limitation
| SOP 3-11
Do not take off with amber brake temp indicators (C)
59
A/P min engagement height
| SOP 3-18
400ft AGL
60
A/P min use height, coupled ILS approach
| SOP 3-18
50ft AGL
61
A/P min use height, non-precision approach
| SOP 3-18
MDA
62
NOTE regarding auto flight min altitudes
| SOP 3-18
The E170/175 is certified with a “zero-loss” auto flight control system. This is why there is a 50 foot AFL limit on coupled ILS approaches (14
CFR 121.579)
63
What power plants are on the aircraft?
| SOP 3-20
- Two GE CF34-8E5
64
Max N1
| SOP 3-20
99.5%
65
Min and Max N2
| Sop 3-20
58.5 - 99.4%
66
ITT Start temp limit
| SOP 3-20
815 C
67
Normal T/O and GA ITT limits
| SOP 3-20
```
965 C (1st 2 mins)
949 C (next 3 mins)
```
68
Max T/O and GO ITT limits
```
1006 C (1st 2 mins)
990 C (next 3 mins)
```
69
Max CON ITT limit
| SOP 3-20
960 C
70
Oil pressure operating range
| SOP 3-20
25 - 95 psi
71
Max continuous oil temp limit
| SOP 3-20
155C
72
Max transient oil temp limit
163 C for up to 15 mins
73
Restrictions on use of thrust reversers
| SOP 3-12
* Approved for ground use only
* Intended for use during rejected takeoffs and full stop landings
* Do not attempt a go-around maneuver after deployment of the thrust reversers
* Power back operations using thrust reversers are prohibited
* Must be stowed below 60 KIAS
* After selecting reverse thrust, do not move the thrust levers into the forward thrust range until the REV icon on the EICAS is shown in amber or green
74
EICAS limit markings: What does the color RED signify?
| SOP 3-21
Max and min limitations
75
EICAS limit markings: What does the color AMBER signify?
| SOP 3-21
Caution range
76
EICAS limit markings: What does the color GREEN signify?
| SOP 3-21
Normal operating range
77
CAUTION regarding EICAS engine limit markings
| SOP 3-21
If the EICAS engine limit markings show more conservative limits than those specified in the engine operational limits (above), the limit
markings on the EICAS must be used
78
Engine warmup / cool down
| SOP 3-20
* Before applying takeoff thrust, allow the engines to warm up for a minimum of two (2) minutes
* A two (2) minute cool down must be observed prior to shutting down an engine
79
Reduced thrust must not exceed ___ of full takeoff thrust
| SOP 3-21
25%
80
Reduced thrust takeoffs are not allowed when?
| SOP 3-21
Use of reduced takeoff thrust procedures is not allowed on runways contaminated with standing water, slush, snow or ice and are not allowed on wet runways unless suitable performance accountability is made for the increased stopping distance on the wet runway surface
81
NOTE regarding wet runway analysis for reduced thrust takeoffs
SOP 3-21
The use of “Wet” runway analysis numbers takes into account the increased stopping distance which occurs on wet runways.
82
Limitation on takeoff with ATTCS OFF
| SOP 3-21
Takeoff with the Automatic Takeoff Thrust Control System (ATTCS) OFF is not authorized.
83
Engine starter dry motoring duty cycles
| SOP 3-22
1st attempt: 90 secs ON, 5 mins off
2nd- 5th attempt: 30 secs ON, 5 mins off
15 min cool down
84
APU start temp range
| SOP 3-23
-54C to ISA+35
85
Max APU start altitude
| SOP 3-23
30,000 ft
86
APU operation temp range
| Sop 3-23
-62C to ISA+35C
87
APU max electrical altitude
| SOP 3-23
33,000ft
88
APU max bleed altitude
| SOP 3-23
15,000ft
89
APU max engine start assist altitude
| SOP 3-23
21,000ft
90
APU max rotor speed %
| Sop 3-23
108%
91
APU max start EGT
| SOP 3-23
1032 C
92
APU Max continuous EGT
| SOP 3-23
717 C
93
APU manufacturer and model
| SOP 3-23
Sundstrand APS 2300
94
APU starter duty cycle
1st and 2nd attempt: 60 secs ON, 60 secs OFF
| 3rd: 60 secs ON, 5 mins OFF
95
Deviation from ATC clearance for TCAS RA
| SOP 3-13
Pilots are authorized to deviate from their current ATC clearance to the extent necessary to comply with a Resolution Advisory (RA)
96
Single engine taxi is not authorized when: (4)
| SOP 3-22
o Ice accretion in the form of freezing rain, freezing drizzle, freezing fog, or heavy snow is anticipated
o Braking action is less than “Good”
o Reported RVR less than 1,200 feet
o Power out is required (no pushback)
97
CAT II required equipment (14 items)
| SOP 3-19
```
o 2 Inertial Reference Systems
o 2 Flight Director Systems
o 2 Primary Flight Displays (PFD)
o Windshield Wipers
o 2 VOR/ILS NAV Systems
o 1 VHF/COMM System
o CAT II Engagement Logic
o 1 Radar Altimeter
o 1 Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS)
o 2 Air Data Systems (ADS)
o Rudder in Normal Mode
o SPOILER FAULT message not presented
o 1 Autopilot System with 1 operating channel
```
98
NOTE regarding CAT II approaches
Manually flow CAT II approaches are prohibited. The autopilot and autothrottle must be operational and engaged
99
Use of single engine CAT II approach
| SOP 3-19
Republic Airlines is not approved for single engine CAT II approaches. This does not prohibit the Captain from exercising their emergency
authority to conduct a CAT II single engine approach if this is the safest course of action
100
Max demonstrated altitude loss due to A/P malfunction
| SOP 3-19
20ft
101
Min use height for CAT II approach
50 ft
102
NOTE regarding CAT II coupled GA height loss
| SOP 3-19
Coupled go-around height loss may be 50’
103
Flap setting for CAT II approach
| SOP 3-19
Flaps 5
104
Max crosswind for CAT II
| SOP 3-19
12 knots
105
NOTE regarding hand flown CAT II approaches
| SOP 3-19
Republic Airlines is not approved for manually flown CAT II approaches
106
TAS, TAT and SAT are only valid above what speed?
| SOP 3-13
60 kias
107
Standby MAG compass indication is not valid while ___
| SOP 3-13
...while transmitting on VHF 1
108
___ mins must be used for all CAT I approaches
| SOP 3-13
BARO
109
Limitation on approaches using IESS
| SOP 3-13
LOC B/C not authorized on IESS
110
Use of guidance data from non-usable stations
| SOP 3-13
The Captain must ensure displayed guidance data from non-usable stations is not used for navigation purposes by the Flight Crew
111
NOTE regarding removal of non-usable NAVAIDs
| SOP 3-13
NOTE: Reference Honeywell FMS Pilot’s Guide Chapter 6 NOTICES TO AIRMAN for the removal process of non-usable Navaids
112
RVSM required equipment (4 items)
| SOP 3-14 / FOM 19-6-8
o 2 RVSM Compliant Air Data Systems;
o 1 Autopilot, ENGAGED, with Altitude Hold Mode operative (C);
o 1 Altitude Alerter;
o 1 Transponder.
113
Which ADSs are compliant with RVSM?
| SOP 3-14
ADS 1, 2 and 3
114
Can the IESS be used for RVSM?
| SOP 3-14
No
115
If any required RVSM equipment fail prior to entering RVSM airspace, what action is required?
SOP 3-14
The pilot should request a new clearance to avoid
| entering this airspace
116
When is ADS not RVSM compliant?
| Sop 3-14
In case of loss of sideslip compensation (EICAS message ADS3 SLIPCOMP FAIL displayed)
117
```
Max altitude differences
SOP 3-14
-2k to 10k
10K to 20K
20k to 41k
```
50'
120'
180'
118
When are FMS speeds authorized for use?
| SOP 3-17
FMS Speeds may only be used during normal operations
