Alcohol Abuse

Question 1

ethanol is fully _____ soluble and somewhat ____ soluble

Answer 1

water
lipid

Question 2

why is ethanol quickly absorbed?

Answer 2

it does not require digestion

Question 3

how does ethanol cross membranes?

Answer 3

by diffusion

Question 4

where is most ethanol absorbed?

Answer 4

stomach

Question 5

where is the rest of ethanol absorbed?

Answer 5

upper small intestine

Question 6

what happens to most ethanol during metabolism?

Answer 6

95% oxidized to acetaldehyde by liver

Question 7

what is the product of ethanol that is associated with alcohol-induced liver disease?

Answer 7

fatty acids

Question 8

what can lead to fatty deposits in the liver? (3)

Answer 8

increased synthesis of fatty acids
increased synthesis of alpha glycerol phosphate
increased formation of triglycerides

Question 9

what is the early stage of liver degeneration known as?

Answer 9

fatty liver

Question 10

what is responsible for metabolizing ethanol?

Answer 10

Microsomal Ethanol-Oxidizing System (MEOS)

Question 11

what alters the rate of drug clearance which increases the chances for over or underdosing?

Answer 11

disruption of the liver’s ability to metabolize certain drugs

Question 12

moderate alcohol consumption intake may stimulate _____ and contribute to the development of _____

Answer 12

appetite
obesity

Question 13

chronic alcohol abuse is a major cause of _____

Answer 13

malnutrition

Question 14

severity of _____ increases with the degree of alcohol abuse, resulting in malnutrition

Answer 14

anorexia

Question 15

what are 2 abnormalities observed in mucosal cells due to alcohol abuse?

Answer 15

decreased production of mucosal enzymes
impaired transport of nutrients into the cells

Question 16

impaired digestion and absorption of energy nutrients due to alcohol abuse can result in malabsorption of _____ and _____

Answer 16

vitamins
minerals

Question 17

what 6 vitamins and minerals can be mal-absorbed due to alcohol abuse?

Answer 17

folate
B12
thiamin
Ca
Mg
vit ADEK

Question 18

severe form of thiamin deficiency characterized by visual disorders, confusion, ataxia, and coma.

Answer 18

wernicke’s encephalopathy

Question 19

what is the treatment for wernicke’s encephalopathy? (3)

Answer 19

alcohol withdrawal
thiamin (B1)
nutrition

Question 20

chronic degenerative neurological condition arising from wernicke’s encephalopathy that is characterized by very poor short term memory or recollection

Answer 20

Korsakoff’s psychosis

Question 21

degeneration of peripheral nerve function d/t combined deficiency of thiamin and vit B6

Answer 21

peripheral neuropathy

Question 22

neurological condition resulting from chronic niacin deficiency; diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia

Answer 22

pellagra psychosis

Question 23

what are the 3 forms in which alcoholic liver disease occurs?

Answer 23

fatty liver (steatosis)
alcoholic hepatitis
cirrhosis

Question 24

a patient presents with malaise, anorexia, vomiting, weakness, and enlarged/tender liver. Dx?

Answer 24

fatty liver (steatosis)

Question 25

in severe cases of fatty liver (steatosis), patients may show evidence of: (3)

Answer 25

portal hypertension fluid retention bleeding varices

Question 26

what is the management for fatty liver (steatosis)?

Answer 26

bed rest alcohol withdrawal proper nutrition

Question 27

a patient presents with fatigue, weakness, fever, and hepatomegaly. Dx?

Answer 27

hepatitis d/t ETOH

Question 28

hepatitis d/t ETOH can progress to ______ _____ _____ and _____ _____

Answer 28

chronic liver disease alcoholic cirrhosis

Question 29

end stage of liver disease that results in hepatocyte destruction

Answer 29

cirrhosis

Question 30

destruction of hepatocytes resulting from the chronic abuse of alcohol

Answer 30

alcoholic cirrhosis

Question 31

cirrhosis results in _____ and formation of hepatocyte _____ within the liver

Answer 31

fibrosis nodules

Question 32

10% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis will develop _____

Answer 32

hepatoma

Question 33

there is a significant link between alcohol consumption and _____ cancer

Answer 33

pancreatic

Question 34

the risk of cancer d/t alcohol consumption is dependent on what?

Answer 34

dose

Question 35

5 or more drinks on an occasion for men or 4 or more drinks on an occasion for women

Answer 35

binge drinking

Question 36

drinking 15 or more drinks per week for men or 8 or more drinks per week for women

Answer 36

heavy drinking

Question 37

which age group binge drinks the most?

Answer 37

25-34 yo

Question 38

which age group binge drinks the 2nd highest?

Answer 38

18-24 yo

Question 39

which age group binge drinks the 3nd highest?

Answer 39

35-44 yo

Question 40

what is considered a "drink" of beer?

Answer 40

12 ounces of 5% ABV

Question 41

what is considered a "drink" of malt liquor?

Answer 41

8 ounces of 7% ABV

Question 42

what is considered a "drink" of wine?

Answer 42

5 ounces of 12% ABV

Question 43

what is considered a "drink" of distilled spirits or liquor (gin, rum, vodka, whiskey)?

Answer 43

1.5 ounces of 40% ABV