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Preventative Medicine > Alcohol Abuse > Flashcards

Alcohol Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

ethanol is fully _____ soluble and somewhat ____ soluble

A

water
lipid

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2
Q

why is ethanol quickly absorbed?

A

it does not require digestion

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3
Q

how does ethanol cross membranes?

A

by diffusion

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4
Q

where is most ethanol absorbed?

A

stomach

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5
Q

where is the rest of ethanol absorbed?

A

upper small intestine

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6
Q

what happens to most ethanol during metabolism?

A

95% oxidized to acetaldehyde by liver

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7
Q

what is the product of ethanol that is associated with alcohol-induced liver disease?

A

fatty acids

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8
Q

what can lead to fatty deposits in the liver? (3)

A

increased synthesis of fatty acids
increased synthesis of alpha glycerol phosphate
increased formation of triglycerides

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9
Q

what is the early stage of liver degeneration known as?

A

fatty liver

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10
Q

what is responsible for metabolizing ethanol?

A

Microsomal Ethanol-Oxidizing System (MEOS)

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11
Q

what alters the rate of drug clearance which increases the chances for over or underdosing?

A

disruption of the liver’s ability to metabolize certain drugs

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12
Q

moderate alcohol consumption intake may stimulate _____ and contribute to the development of _____

A

appetite
obesity

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13
Q

chronic alcohol abuse is a major cause of _____

A

malnutrition

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14
Q

severity of _____ increases with the degree of alcohol abuse, resulting in malnutrition

A

anorexia

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15
Q

what are 2 abnormalities observed in mucosal cells due to alcohol abuse?

A

decreased production of mucosal enzymes
impaired transport of nutrients into the cells

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16
Q

impaired digestion and absorption of energy nutrients due to alcohol abuse can result in malabsorption of _____ and _____

A

vitamins
minerals

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17
Q

what 6 vitamins and minerals can be mal-absorbed due to alcohol abuse?

A

folate
B12
thiamin
Ca
Mg
vit ADEK

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18
Q

severe form of thiamin deficiency characterized by visual disorders, confusion, ataxia, and coma.

A

wernicke’s encephalopathy

19
Q

what is the treatment for wernicke’s encephalopathy? (3)

A

alcohol withdrawal
thiamin (B1)
nutrition

20
Q

chronic degenerative neurological condition arising from wernicke’s encephalopathy that is characterized by very poor short term memory or recollection

A

Korsakoff’s psychosis

21
Q

degeneration of peripheral nerve function d/t combined deficiency of thiamin and vit B6

A

peripheral neuropathy

22
Q

neurological condition resulting from chronic niacin deficiency; diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia

A

pellagra psychosis

23
Q

what are the 3 forms in which alcoholic liver disease occurs?

A

fatty liver (steatosis)
alcoholic hepatitis
cirrhosis

24
Q

a patient presents with malaise, anorexia, vomiting, weakness, and enlarged/tender liver. Dx?

A

fatty liver (steatosis)

25
Q

in severe cases of fatty liver (steatosis), patients may show evidence of: (3)

A

portal hypertension
fluid retention
bleeding varices

26
Q

what is the management for fatty liver (steatosis)?

A

bed rest
alcohol withdrawal
proper nutrition

27
Q

a patient presents with fatigue, weakness, fever, and hepatomegaly. Dx?

A

hepatitis d/t ETOH

28
Q

hepatitis d/t ETOH can progress to ______ _____ _____ and _____ _____

A

chronic liver disease
alcoholic cirrhosis

29
Q

end stage of liver disease that results in hepatocyte destruction

A

cirrhosis

30
Q

destruction of hepatocytes resulting from the chronic abuse of alcohol

A

alcoholic cirrhosis

31
Q

cirrhosis results in _____ and formation of hepatocyte _____ within the liver

A

fibrosis
nodules

32
Q

10% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis will develop _____

A

hepatoma

33
Q

there is a significant link between alcohol consumption and _____ cancer

A

pancreatic

34
Q

the risk of cancer d/t alcohol consumption is dependent on what?

A

dose

35
Q

5 or more drinks on an occasion for men or 4 or more drinks on an occasion for women

A

binge drinking

36
Q

drinking 15 or more drinks per week for men or 8 or more drinks per week for women

A

heavy drinking

37
Q

which age group binge drinks the most?

A

25-34 yo

38
Q

which age group binge drinks the 2nd highest?

A

18-24 yo

39
Q

which age group binge drinks the 3nd highest?

A

35-44 yo

40
Q

what is considered a “drink” of beer?

A

12 ounces of 5% ABV

41
Q

what is considered a “drink” of malt liquor?

A

8 ounces of 7% ABV

42
Q

what is considered a “drink” of wine?

A

5 ounces of 12% ABV

43
Q

what is considered a “drink” of distilled spirits or liquor (gin, rum, vodka, whiskey)?

A

1.5 ounces of 40% ABV

Preventative Medicine (23 decks)

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