Nutrition: An Applied Approach

Question 1

the study of food, including how food nourishes our bodies and how food influences our health

Answer 1

nutrition

Question 2

the absence of disease - physically, emotionally, and spiritually

Answer 2

wellness

Question 3

the chemicals in our foods that are critical to human growth and function

Answer 3

nutrients

Question 4

what are 4 organic (carbon) nutrients?

Answer 4

carbs
lipids
proteins
vitamins

Question 5

what are 2 inorganic nutrients?

Answer 5

minerals
water

Question 6

nutrients required in relatively large amounts to provide energy for our bodies

Answer 6

macronutrients

Question 7

what are 3 macronutrients?

Answer 7

carbs
fats/oils
proteins

Question 8

nutrients required in small amounts

Answer 8

micronutrients

Question 9

what are 2 micronutrients?

Answer 9

vitamins
minerals

Question 10

how do we measure energy contained in foods?

Answer 10

kilocalories (kcal)

Question 11

unit of heat energy; measures the amount of energy required to raise the temperature by 1 degree

Answer 11

kilocalorie

Question 12

sole source of energy for the brain and principle energy source for strenuous physical activity

Answer 12

carbohydrates

Question 13

molecules that are insoluble in water and an important energy source during rest and low to moderate intensity exercise

Answer 13

fats and oils

Question 14

where are proteins made up of?

Answer 14

chains of amino acids

Question 15

not a primary energy source but are an important source of nitrogen for maintaining and repairing tissues

Answer 15

protein

Question 16

what are proteins used for? (5)

Answer 16

build cells/tissues
maintain bones
repair damage
regulate metabolism and fluid balance
participate in immune response

Question 17

organic molecules that assist in regulating body processes, but do not supply energy to our bodies

Answer 17

vitamins

Question 18

what are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 18

ADEK

Question 19

vitamins that dissolve easily in fats and oils, and can be stored in our body

Answer 19

fat-soluble vitamins

Question 20

what are the water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 20

B
C

Question 21

vitamins that dissolve in water and are eliminated by the kidneys; cannot be stored in our body

Answer 21

water-soluble vitamins

Question 22

inorganic substances that regulate fluids, bone structure, muscle movement, and nerve functioning

Answer 22

minerals

Question 23

5 examples of minerals:

Answer 23

sodium
calcium
iron
potassium
magnesium

Question 24

what do our bodies need in regards to macro-minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, mg, Na, K, and Cl?

Answer 24

more than 100 mg per day

Question 25

what do our bodies need in regards to trace minerals, like iron, zinc, copper, iodine, and fluoride?

Answer 25

less than 100 mg per day

Question 26

updated nutritional standards that expand on the traditional Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) and set standards for nutrients that do not have RDA values

Answer 26

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)

Question 27

the daily intake level of a nutrient that will meet the needs of half the people in a particular category

Answer 27

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Question 28

the daily intake level required to meet the needs of 97-98% of people in a particular category

Answer 28

Recommended Dietary Allowances

Question 29

recommended average daily intake level for a nutrient, based on observations and estimates from experiments

Answer 29

Adequate Intake

Question 30

highest average daily intake level that is not likely to have adverse effects on the health of most people

Answer 30

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Question 31

average daily energy intake (kcal) to maintain energy balance, based on age, gender, weight, height, level of physical activity

Answer 31

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

Question 32

the portion of the energy intake that should come from each macronutrient

Answer 32

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)