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Preventative Medicine > Obesity > Flashcards

Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

underweight BMI?

A

< 18.5

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2
Q

optimal weight BMI?

A

18.5 - 24

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3
Q

overweight BMI?

A

25 - 30

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4
Q

obese BMI?

A

> 30

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5
Q

where in the US has the highest geographic prevalence of obesity at 31.2%?

A

south US

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6
Q

where in the US has the 2nd highest geographic prevalence of obesity at 30.7%?

A

midwest

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7
Q

in which patients is obesity most prevalent? (2)

A

non-hispanic blacks
hispanics

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8
Q

do african american women or hispanic women have a higher prevalence of obesity?

A

african american women at 57%

hispanic women at 47%

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9
Q

do african american men or hispanic men have a higher prevalence in obesity?

A

african american men at 37%

hispanic men at 36%

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10
Q

weight management programs like controlled fasting designed to help adults maintain a healthy weight are only effective for:

A

short term; acute weight loss

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11
Q

no weight management programs have demonstrated success in weight management beyond _____ months

A

6-12 months

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12
Q

the rise in prevalence of obesity is associated with increases in obesity related _____ _____ and _____

A

health problems
cost

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13
Q

BMI > _____ is associated with a 3-4 fold increase in the risk of stroke, ischemic heart disease and DM II

A

28

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14
Q

mortality risk from increased BMI declines after age:

A

50

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15
Q

what comorbid conditions is obesity associated with? (5)

A

CVD
hypertension
Type II DM
dyslipidemia
osteoarthritis

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16
Q

what comorbid condition that is associated with obesity is the last to change with weight loss?

A

dyslipidemia

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17
Q

what etiology makes up the most risk for obesity?

A

genetics

18
Q

what are the 4 etiologies of obesity?

A

genetics
environment
metabolic factors
behavioral issues

19
Q

the prevalence of obesity has increased _____% in the last 10 years

A

40

20
Q

obesity is an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure that favors:

A

fat accumulation

21
Q

what percentage of type II DM patients are obese?

A

80%

22
Q

BMI > ___ in women increases the risk of type II DM 40 fold compared to a BMI of ___or less

A

31
22

23
Q

BMI > ___ in men increased the risk of type II DM 40 fold compared to a BMI of ___or less

A

35
23

24
Q

weight gain of as little as _____ pounds increases the risk of type II DM

A

20

25
Q

obesity increases the risk of _____ 2-4 fold

A

hypertension

26
Q

what mechanisms have been proposed to explain the link between obesity and hypertension? (3)

A

elevated cardiac output
reduced venous compliance
renal sodium retention

27
Q

what dyslipidemia levels increase with increasing BMI in younger age groups? (2)

A

LDL
total cholesterol

28
Q

central adiposy is associated with _____ _____ and _____

A

glucose intolerance
dyslipidemia

29
Q

modest weight loss improves _____ _____ and ____

A

glucose intolerance
DM II

30
Q

weight loss is a recommendation as a primary therapy for obese patients with _____

A

hypertension

31
Q

weight loss from diet alone reduces _____ and _____

A

LDL
triglycerides

32
Q

weight loss from diet and exercise reduces ____ and increases _____

A

total cholesterol
HDL

33
Q

what information is important to get from a patient that is obese? (3)

A

weight
BMI
waist circumference

34
Q

waist circumference correlates with the risk of: (4)

A

DM II
CVD
hypertension
dyslipidemia

35
Q

what is the primary treatment of chronic obesity?

A

dietary intervention

36
Q

in the acute stage, diet is _____

A

medicine

37
Q

in the chronic stage, diet is is a component in a:

A

change in lifestyle

38
Q

what is the target goal for weight loss?

A

5-10% of initial body weight

39
Q

total energy consumption should be no less than _____ kcal/day in the acute weight loss period

A

800

40
Q

____ _____ can result in less long-term weight regain than behavior modification + medication

A

behavior modification

41
Q

what tends to happen when medications are withdrawn?

A

weight tends to rebound

Preventative Medicine (23 decks)

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