Carbohydrates

Question 1

one of the 4 macronutrients that is a primary energy source, especially for nerve cells

Answer 1

carbohydrates

Question 2

how are carbohydrates synthesized?

Answer 2

by plants through photosynthesis

Question 3

what is the end-product of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

glucose

Question 4

carbohydrates that contain only one sugar molecule

Answer 4

monosaccharide

Question 5

carbohydrates that contain two sugar molecules

Answer 5

disaccharides

Question 6

what are 3 examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 6

glucose
fructose
galactose

Question 7

what are 3 examples of disaccharides?

Answer 7

lactose
maltose
sucrose

Question 8

carbohydrates that are long changes of sugar molecules, in which glucose predominates

Answer 8

complex carbohydrates

Question 9

carbohydrate chains that are greater than 10

Answer 9

polysaccharides

Question 10

how do plants store glucose?

Answer 10

as starch

Question 11

name the 2 types of starch

Answer 11

amylose
amylopectin

Question 12

how do animals store glucose?

Answer 12

as glycogen

Question 13

where is glycogen stored in the body?

Answer 13

liver and muscles

Question 14

components of the plant cell wall that include carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate molecules; two types include soluble and insoluble

Answer 14

fiber

Question 15

what is the most abundant fiber molecule?

Answer 15

cellulose

Question 16

where does most chemical digestion of carbohydrates occur?

Answer 16

in small intestine

Question 17

enzyme produced in the pancreas and secreted into the small intestine to digest glycose polymers to maltose

Answer 17

pancreatic amylase

Question 18

what 3 enzymes digest disaccharides into monosaccharides?

Answer 18

maltase
sucrase
lactase

Question 19

what converts monosaccharides to glucose?

Answer 19

the liver

Question 20

what is done with excess glucose?

Answer 20

converted to glycogen by liver and muscle

Question 21

what 2 hormones control the level of glucose in the blood?

Answer 21

insulin
glucagon

Question 22

produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, promotes transport of glucose into most cells, and stimulates glucose metabolism in the liver

Answer 22

insulin

Question 23

produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas, stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in liver to glucose, and stimulates gluconeogenesis

Answer 23

glucagon

Question 24

the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate molecules

Answer 24

gluconeogenesis

Question 25

a food’s ability to raise blood glucose levels

Answer 25

Glycemic Index

Question 26

what is good about foods with a low glycemic index? (3)

Answer 26

better for diabetes
higher in fiber
reduce risk of heart disease and colon cancer

Question 27

a source of energy during intense exercise

Answer 27

glucose

Question 28

sufficient energy from carbohydrates prevents production of ______

Answer 28

ketones

Question 29

what can excessive ketones result in?

Answer 29

high blood acidity (ketoacidosis)

Question 30

what are carbohydrates known as?

Answer 30

“protein sparing”

Question 31

although simple sugars are associated with increased LDL and decreased HDL, they do not cause: (2)

Answer 31

hyperactivity
obesity