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Alimentary System BDS1 > Alimentary Controls > Flashcards

Alimentary Controls Flashcards

1
Q

what are the somatic (voluntary) nerves that control the alimentary system

A

sensory and motor

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2
Q

what are the autonomic (involuntary) nerves that control the alimentary system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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3
Q

what hormones contribute to the alimentary system?

A

cholecystokinin, gastrin, gastric inhibitory peptide, secretin

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4
Q

where does gastrin come from and what does it do?

A

it comes from G cells and it stimulates parietal cells to increase secretion of hydrochloric acid

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5
Q

what does gastric inhibitory peptide do and where is it produced?

A

cause an increase in insulin secretion from pancreas and is produced in the duodenum

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6
Q

where is secretin produced and what does it do?

A

it is produced in the duodenum and it reduces gastric acid secretion and increases HCO3 from pancreas

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7
Q

what is secreted in the oral cavity?

A

saliva

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8
Q

what is the motility in the mouth and pharynx?

A

chewing and swallowing

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9
Q

which parts of the alimentary system is under somatic control?

A

mouth and recto-anal canal

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10
Q

which parts of the alimentary system is under autonomic control?

A

stomach, small intestine and large intestine

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11
Q

what nerves control taste (gustation)

A

CN VII (facial) and CN IX (glossopharnygeal)

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12
Q

what nerve controls smell (olfaction)

A

CN I (olfactory nerve)

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13
Q

what nerve controls chewing and the loading of periodontal ligaments?

A

CN V (trigeminal)

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14
Q

what is the biggest salivary stimuli?

A

chemical - the TASTE of food

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15
Q

what muscles are involved in chewing?

A

jaw, facial, tongue muscles

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16
Q

what type of control is chewing?

A

skeletal controlled by somatic nerves (voluntary)

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17
Q

what nerves control chewing?

A

CN V (trigeminal), VII (facial) and XII (hypoglossal)

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18
Q

what muscles are involved in swallowing?

A

jaw, tongue and pharyngeal muscles

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19
Q

what type of control is swallowing?

A

skeletal controlled by somatic nerves

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20
Q

what nerves control swallowing?

A

CN V (trigeminal), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), XII (hypoglossal)

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21
Q

what type of muscle is present in the oesophagus?

A

mix of skeletal and smooth muscle

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22
Q

what nerve controls the oesophagus?

A

CN X (vagus)

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23
Q

what does the stomach secrete?

A

gastric juice

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24
Q

what motility movements does the stomach undertake?

A

filling, relaxation, mixing, propulsive, peristalsis and emptying

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25
Q

what are the 3 phases of gastric activity

A

cephalic phase, gastric phase and intestinal phase

26
Q

what are the 3 different parts of the cephalic phase?

A

mechanical (chewing), chemical (taste, smell) and psychic (visual, emotional)

27
Q

what are the 2 parts of gastric phase

A

mechanical (distension) and chemical (food in stomach)

28
Q

what are the 2 parts of the intestinal phase?

A

mechanical (distension) and chemical (acid, protein in duodenum)

29
Q

where is the cephalic phase?

A

head

30
Q

where is the gastric phase?

A

intra-gastric

31
Q

where is the intestinal phase?

A

intestine

32
Q

what is the cephalic phase controlled by?

A

nerves (long reflex)

33
Q

what is the gastric phase controlled by?

A

nerves (long and short reflexes) and hormones (gastrin)

34
Q

what is the intestinal phase controlled by?

A

nerves (long and short reflexes), hormones (GIP, secretin)

35
Q

what does the small intestine secrete?

A

intestinal juice

36
Q

what are the motility movements of the small intestine

A

mixing, villus movements, segmentation contractions and peristalsis

37
Q

what controls the small intestine?

A

mainly local nerves (short reflexes) in response to intra-luminal stimuli

38
Q

when and where is secretin released from

A

duodenum in response to acid

39
Q

what does secretin do?

A

stimulates secretion of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice

40
Q

what stimulates bicarbonate secretion in the cephalic phase

A

vagus nerve

41
Q

what stimulates bicarbonate secretion in the gastric phase?

A

vagus nerve

42
Q

what stimulates bicarbonate secretion in the intestinal phase?

A

secretin and CCK and VIP

43
Q

what stimulates enzymes in the cephalic phase?

A

vagus nerve

44
Q

what stimulates enzymes in the gastric phase

A

vagus nerve

45
Q

what stimulates enzymes in the intestinal phase?

A

CCK and gastrin and GIP

46
Q

when and where is CCK released?

A

from duodenum in response to fat and protein

47
Q

what does CCK do?

A

stimulates secretion of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice

48
Q

what stimulates the secretion of bile and how?

A

vagus nerve by the relaxation of sphincter of Oddi

49
Q

what stimulates the secretion of bile in the intestinal phase?

A

CCK and secretin

50
Q

what stimulates the secretion of bile in the gastric phase?

A

vagus nerve

51
Q

what secretions come from the large intestine and rectum?

A

mucous and some water and electrolytes

52
Q

what are the motility movements in the large intestine and rectum?

A

mixing, mass movements (super peristalsis), defaecation

53
Q

what are mixing/segmentation movements controlled by?

A

long reflexes

54
Q

how are long reflexes triggered/

A

by food entering the stomach

55
Q

where does the stimulation of long reflexes effect?

A

intestines (increased motility)

56
Q

where does the gastro-ileal reflex effect?

A

ileum (increased motility)

57
Q

where does the gastro-colic reflex effect?

A

colon (increased motility)

58
Q

what is the control in the large intestine and rectum?

A

mainly neural, ANS, vagus to splenic flexure

59
Q

what controls the pelvic nerves

A

S2,3,4

60
Q

what controls the anal canal

A

ANS control of internal anal sphincter, voluntary control of external sphincter, sacral somatic nerves

Alimentary System BDS1 (7 decks)

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