Small Intestines

Question 1

what is the small intestine comprised of?

Answer 1

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 2

what is the function of the small intestine

Answer 2

primary site for digestion and absorption

Question 3

in relation to the peritoneum where does the small intestine lie?

Answer 3

partially retroperitoneal

Question 4

what does mesentery mean?

Answer 4

double folds of the peritoneum

Question 5

what is the omentum

Answer 5

a fatty layer which localises infections as it makes sure it is held in place and contained

Question 6

what does the duodenum receive?

Answer 6

chyme

Question 7

what do Brunner’s glands secrete

Answer 7

alkaline

Question 8

what part of the small intestine contains Brunners glands?

Answer 8

duodenum

Question 9

what is the sphincter of Oddi and what part of the small intestine does it join to?

Answer 9

the common bile duct and it joins to the duodenum

Question 10

what does the sphincter of Oddi secrete?

Answer 10

bile and pancreatic juice

Question 11

where does the duodenum end?

Answer 11

the duodenojejunal junction

Question 12

what is chyme?

Answer 12

fluid that comes from the stomach into the small intestine

Question 13

what does alkaline secretion do?

Answer 13

neutralise hydrochloric acid

Question 14

where does bile come from and where is it stored

Answer 14

comes from the liver and is stored in the gall bladder

Question 15

in relation to the vertebrae where does the duodenum lie?

Answer 15

L1-L4

Question 16

what does the major duodenal papilla secrete?

Answer 16

secretions from bile and pancreatic juices

Question 17

what is the major duodenal papilla?

Answer 17

the opening of the pancreas into the duodenum

Question 18

what does cholecystokinin do?

Answer 18

causes contraction of the gall bladder with high fat diets which allows bile to be produced (bile sack mover)

Question 19

what are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

Answer 19

superior, descending, inferior and ascending

Question 20

what does the inferior vena cava do?

Answer 20

drains all the blood from below the heart

Question 21

what does the superior mesenteric artery do?

Answer 21

supplies the mid gut with blood and comes straight from the aorta

Question 22

what does the coeliac trunk lead to?

Answer 22

the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

Question 23

what does the superior mesenteric artery lead to?

Answer 23

the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

Question 24

how many blood supplies does the duodenum have?

Answer 24

2 - one at the top and one at the bottom

Question 25

what is the main function of the duodenum and what helps it complete its function?

Answer 25

digestion, pancreatic enzymes and bile

Question 26

what is the main function of the jejunum?

Answer 26

digestion and absorption

Question 27

what is the main function of the ileum

Answer 27

absorption

Question 28

what are the layers of the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 28

lumen, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and adventitia

Question 29

what are the layers of the mucosa in the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 29

epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

Question 30

what are the layers of the muscularis externa?

Answer 30

innermost oblique (stomach only), inner circular, outer longitudinal

Question 31

what do the submucous plexus and myenteric plexus do?

Answer 31

cause contraction

Question 32

what do plicae circulares do?

Answer 32

increase surface area in small intestine by about 1.6-2x

Question 33

what do the villi and microvilli do?

Answer 33

increase surface area by 60-200x

Question 34

where are the microvilli?

Answer 34

on top of the villi

Question 35

why does the intestine become more windy towards the bottom?

Answer 35

it increases absorption

Question 36

what is peyers patch?

Answer 36

collection of inflammatory tissues

Question 37

what enterocyte helps with digestion?

Answer 37

brush border enzymes

Question 38

what enterocyte helps with absorption?

Answer 38

carrier proteins

Question 39

what is the ileocaecal junction?

Answer 39

where the ileum joins to the caecum and where the small intestine connects to the large intestine