Liver and Pancreas

Question 1

what does the endocrine portion of the pancreas secrete

Answer 1

hormones, insulin, glucagon and somatostatin by the Islets of Langerhans

Question 2

what does the exocrine portion of the pancreas secrete?

Answer 2

digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions

Question 3

what portion of the pancreas is larger?

Answer 3

the exocrine portion

Question 4

what enzymes are secreted from the pancreas and where do they come from?

Answer 4

amylase, lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, nucleases and they come from the acinus

Question 5

where does bicarbonate come from and what does it do?

Answer 5

comes from the ducts and it neutralises gastric acid

Question 6

what does lipase do?

Answer 6

digest fat

Question 7

what does trypsin do?

Answer 7

digest proteins

Question 8

what are the 4 parts of the pancreas?

Answer 8

head, neck, body and tail

Question 9

what does the islets of langerhans secrete?

Answer 9

glucagon, insulin and somatostatin

Question 10

what does glucagon do?

Answer 10

release glucose from stores

Question 11

what does somatostatin do?

Answer 11

slows gut motility down and reduces contraction of muscle

Question 12

what portion of the pancreas is affected in cystic fibrosis?

Answer 12

the exocrine portion

Question 13

what happens to the body secretions in cystic fibrosis?

Answer 13

they are abnormally thick

Question 14

what happens as a result of the exocrine portion of the pancreas being damaged during cystic fibrosis?

Answer 14

reduced digestive function, malabsorption and steatorrhea

Question 15

what portion of the pancreas does pancreatic cancer affect and how?

Answer 15

head and neck of pancreas and biliary obstruction (blocking the ducts)

Question 16

what happens as a result of pancreatic cancer?

Answer 16

obstructive jaundice and early metastasis (cancer spreading)

Question 17

what causes jaundice?

Answer 17

back flow of bile leaking into skin and blood vessels

Question 18

how can cystic fibrosis affect the mouth?

Answer 18

blocked salivary glands causing xerostomia

Question 19

what are the functions of the liver?

Answer 19

metabolism, protein synthesis, inactivation of hormones and drugs, excretion of waste, bile production

Question 20

how is the liver involved in metabolism?

Answer 20

material absorbed from GIT, storage of glycogen and release of glucose

Question 21

name the 4 lobes of the liver

Answer 21

right lobe, left lobe, quadrate lobe and cuadate lobe

Question 22

where does the cuadate lobe of the liver sit

Answer 22

on the superior surface

Question 23

where does the quadrate lobe of the liver sit

Answer 23

inferior to the cuadate lobe

Question 24

what dos the ductus venous do?

Answer 24

takes blood and helps bypass blood from the liver to the heart when in the uterus

Question 25

what are hepatocytes?

Answer 25

liver cells which produce bile

Question 26

what does bile contain?

Answer 26

lipid emulsifiers (bile salts) and waste products including bile pigments (bilirubin)

Question 27

where is bile stored

Answer 27

the gall bladder

Question 28

what does the hepatic portal vein drain?

Answer 28

unpaired abdominal organs (i.e. everything except the kidneys)

Question 29

what are the 2 sources of blood supply to the liver?

Answer 29

hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

Question 30

what are sinusoids

Answer 30

large capillaries in the liver

Question 31

what do sinusoids drain to?

Answer 31

the hepatic vein

Question 32

in relation to blood flow, what direction does bile flow in?

Answer 32

the opposite direction

Question 33

what is included in the portal triad?

Answer 33

the portal vein, hepatic artery and bile canaliculus

Question 34

what happens during hepatomegaly?

Answer 34

the liver gets bigger

Question 35

what happens during cirrhosis?

Answer 35

the liver shrinks

Question 36

name some liver diseases

Answer 36

hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, obstructive jaundice, hepatic carcinoma