Stomach

Question 1

where is the abdomen?

Answer 1

body cavity between diaphragm and pelvic inlet

Question 2

what is the first section of the abdomen?

Answer 2

right hypochondrium

Question 3

what is the second section of the abdomen?

Answer 3

epigastric

Question 4

what is the third section of the abdomen?

Answer 4

left hypochondrium

Question 5

what is the fourth section of the abdomen?

Answer 5

right lumbar

Question 6

what is the fifth section of the abdomen?

Answer 6

umbilical

Question 7

what is the sixth section of the abdomen

Answer 7

left lumbar

Question 8

what is the seventh section of the abdomen?

Answer 8

right iliac fossa

Question 9

what is the eighth section of the abdomen?

Answer 9

suprapubic (hypogastrium)

Question 10

what is the ninth section of the abdomen?

Answer 10

left iliac fossa

Question 11

what section of the abdomen is the stomach found in?

Answer 11

left hypochondrium/epigastric region

Question 12

where is the superior section of the stomach?

Answer 12

lower ribs/diaphragm

Question 13

where is the inferior section of the stomach?

Answer 13

diaphragm, spleen, left kidney, adrenal gland and pancreas

Question 14

what are the four sections of the stomach?

Answer 14

cardia, fundus, body and pylorus

Question 15

what does the fundus do?

Answer 15

collects air when breathing and eating

Question 16

what does the pyloric sphincter do?

Answer 16

controls secretions coming into and out of stomach, if thickened it causes vomiting

Question 17

what is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 17

fat which adds protection

Question 18

where is the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 18

the outer part

Question 19

where is the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 19

on the inner part

Question 20

what is the greater omentum attached to?

Answer 20

the greater curvature

Question 21

what is the muscle structure of the stomach?

Answer 21

inner circular and outer longitudinal and oblique middle

Question 22

what is the advantage of having 3 layers of muscle in the stomach?

Answer 22

it helps break down food

Question 23

what are the functions of the stomach?

Answer 23

stores swallowed food, retention of food, mixing of gastric juice, chemical and mechanical functions, limited absorption except alcohol which is absorbed quickly

Question 24

what type of cells protect the lining of the stomach from hydrochloric acid?

Answer 24

mucous cells

Question 25

where are mucous secreting cells?

Answer 25

luminal surface and gastric pits

Question 26

what do mucous secreting cells secrete?

Answer 26

alkaline

Question 27

what do parietal cells secrete?

Answer 27

HCL and intrinsic factor

Question 28

what do cheif cells secrete

Answer 28

pepsinogen

Question 29

what do endocrine cells secrete?

Answer 29

gastrin

Question 30

what does pepsinogen break down?

Answer 30

pepsin by HCL

Question 31

what does gastrin do?

Answer 31

causes contraction of gut muscle

Question 32

what are parietal cells stimulated by?

Answer 32

food and fluid

Question 33

what do mucous neck cells do?

Answer 33

help secrete the lining

Question 34

how do parietal cells appear histologically?

Answer 34

pink because they contain carbonic anhydrase

Question 35

what veins come off the portal vein?

Answer 35

right and left gastric veins

Question 36

what veins come off the superior mesenteric vein?

Answer 36

the splenic vein which leads to the short gastric veins and the left and right gastroepiploic

Question 37

what are oesophageal varices?

Answer 37

dilated blood vessels because of back pressure in the liver

Question 38

what do oesophageal veins stem from?

Answer 38

superior vena cava

Question 39

comment on the portal pressure when oesophageal varices is present

Answer 39

it is greater than inferior vena cava pressure

Question 40

why is the duodenum reconnected in gastric by-pass surgery?

Answer 40

to reduce bile and pancreatic juice