Amazon Case Study

Question 1

What is the name of Brazil’s climate change agreement

Answer 1

Brazil’s National Climate Change Policy (BNCCP)

Question 2

What are the goals for Brazil’s National Climate Change Policy

Answer 2

Reduce deforestation
Promote sustainable land use

Question 3

What does Brazil’s National Climate Change Policy include?

Answer 3

PPCDAm

Question 4

What is the PPCDAm

Answer 4

Action plan for hte prevention and control of deforestation in the legal amazon

Question 5

What has PPCDAm done

Answer 5

Significantly reduced deforestation rates in the past

Question 6

Strengths of Brazil’s National Climate Change Policy

Answer 6

Improved conditions for locals which is better than Bolsonaro’s rule of the country

Question 7

What has the framework of Brazil’s National Climate Change Policy achieved

Answer 7

More definite outcomes

Question 8

What are the weaknesses of Brazil’s National Climate Change Policy

Answer 8

Targets instead of laws (NOT legally binding)
Lack of national coordination
Not a complete ban

Question 9

What are the opportunities of Brazil’s National Climate Change Policy

Answer 9

Provides long term framework for legislation
Encourages conservation and may lead to economic growth

Question 10

Threats to Brazil’s National Climate Change Policy

Answer 10

Longevity threatened by changing powers (the president might pull the plug)

Question 11

What is ACTO

Answer 11

Amazon cooperation treaty organisation

Question 12

What does ACTO promote

Answer 12

Sustainable development

Question 13

How many members of ACTO

Answer 13

8

Question 14

What do the members of ACTO pledge

Answer 14

To reverse loss of forest cover by sustainably managing it

Question 15

What do the efforts of ACTO include PPRAM

Answer 15

Protection
Restoration
Afforestation
Prevention degradation
Monitoring and preventing illegal logging

Question 16

Strengths of ACTO having 8 member states

Answer 16

It is international so there is more accountability and commitment
Resources can be pooled together

Question 17

How many current projects are there at ACTO

Answer 17

6 ongoing

Question 18

What does ACTO benefit from

Answer 18

NGO support and international funding

Question 19

Weaknesses of ACTO

Answer 19

Bureaucratic inefficiency
Diverging national interests
Conflicts of interest (resources vs conservation)
No enforcement power

Question 20

Why does ACTO have no enforcement power

Answer 20

It is primarily for info exchange and diplomatic coordination
No enforcement power

Question 21

Opportunities of ACTO

Answer 21

Leverage for international cooperation
Ecotourism & international cooperation
Satellite data to monitor illegal logging

Question 22

Threats to ACTO

Answer 22

Hydro dams have a lot of drawbacks which are heavily promoted by ACTO
International exploitation of resources
Economic pressures

Question 23

How many km2 are lost per year in the amazon

Answer 23

10,000km^2

Question 24

What is ARPA

Answer 24

Amazon Region Protected Areas

Question 25

When was ARPA launched

Answer 25

2002

Question 26

Who launched ARPA

Answer 26

Brazilian government & WWF (and others too)

Question 27

What does ARPA aim to do

Answer 27

Increase protection of the Amazon

Question 28

What had ARPA achieved by 2008 (area of new parks and reserves)

Answer 28

25.3 million hectares

Question 29

What area does the Jau National Park take up

Answer 29

5.6 million acres Is a UNESCO site

Question 30

What national park in Brazil is a UNESCO site

Answer 30

Jau national park

Question 31

Weaknesses of ARPA

Answer 31

Impacts local and indigenous subsistence farms so less economic activity (short term) Landless families No enforcement

Question 32

Opportunities of ARPA

Answer 32

Training courses for locals Bottom up Legal advice provided on how to keep their land

Question 33

Strengths of ARPA

Answer 33

Large scale conservation (biggest in the world) so it has a big impact Protects biodiversity Other revenue streams are created for economic sustainability

Question 34

Threats to ARPA

Answer 34

Impact on locals Illegal deforestation still occurs Not fulfilment of incentives Grants may be wasted

Question 35

What is Peru’s conservation program

Answer 35

Financial incentives to indigenous communities and local farms to conserve and sustainably manage their forests

Question 36

Strengths of Peru’s Forest Conservation Program

Answer 36

Provides local independence form TNCs to avoid exploitation

Question 37

Weaknesses of Peru’s Forest Conservation Program

Answer 37

Financial incentives may not be sufficient Illegal deforestation will still occur

Question 38

Opportunities of Peru’s Forest Conservation Program

Answer 38

Social incentives Infrastructure development Educational programs

Question 39

What does the Peru Forest Conservation Program aim to do

Answer 39

Reduce deforestation and promote sustainable livelihoods through activities such as agroforestry and ecotourism

Question 40

What do the educational programs do for Peru’s Forest Conservation Program

Answer 40

They make sure that people are always aware and skilled

Question 41

How much have average temperatures in the Amazon increased over the past century

Answer 41

1.5 degrees C

Question 42

What do projections suggest about temperatures in the amazon

Answer 42

They could rise by an additional 2-3 degrees by 2050

Question 43

Threats to Peru’s Forest Conservation Program

Answer 43

Eco tourism may cause damage Deforestation still occurs Not legally binding

Question 44

How much has climate change affected rainfall in the amazon

Answer 44

Up to 25% reduction in rainfall in some places

Question 45

What has happened to droughts in the Amazon

Answer 45

More frequent and severe droughts will occur Especially during El Niño events

Question 46

How much of the amazon has been lost to deforestation

Answer 46

17%

Question 47

How much of hte amazon is degraded

Answer 47

17%

Question 48

What does degraded mean in terms of forests

Answer 48

They are damaged but not destroyed

Question 49

What could increased temperatures in the amazon lead to

Answer 49

Rainforests could turn into savannah like ecosystems

Question 50

What is the process of rainforest turning into savannah called

Answer 50

“Die-back” Could cause up to 55% of the amazon to be lost by 2030

Question 51

How big is the amazon

Answer 51

5.5 million square km

Question 52

How many plant species in the amazon

Answer 52

40k

Question 53

How many trees in the amazon

Answer 53

400 billion

Question 54

What % of the worlds carbon does the amazon sequester in terms of forests

Answer 54

25%

Question 55

What does commercial logging do

Answer 55

Deforests land and often leaves it empty so desertifies it or becomes savannah

Question 56

How do monoculture crops affect rainforest

Answer 56

Forest is cleared to make way for crops Reduced biodiversity Less carbons stored

Question 57

How does mining for natural resources drive change in the amazon

Answer 57

Infrastructure must be put in place so deforestation and mining releases carbon from emissions

Question 58

How does population growth drive change in the amazon

Answer 58

Deforestation occurs to make way for new people

Question 59

How does commercial farming affect the Amazon

Answer 59

Cleared forest for cattle Cattle release methane