amino acids

Question 1

all amino acids exist in the __ form

except what

Answer 1

L form

except glycine because it does not contain a chiral carbon

Question 2

what is a chiral carbon

Answer 2

different compounds at each binding site of the center carbon

Question 3

all amino acids are __

which means what

Answer 3

amphoteric

can act as acid or base

Question 4

what are the essential amino acids

Answer 4

PVT TIM HALL
phenylalanine
valine
tryptophan

threonine
isoleucine
methionine

hisitidine
arginine
leucine
lysine

Question 5

what amino acid is essential in children but not in adults

Answer 5

hisitidine

Question 6

what are the ketogenic amino acids

Answer 6

leucine and lysine

Question 7

lysine is precursor to what

Answer 7

carnitine

takes FA into mitochondria for B oxidation

Question 8

what are the aromatic amino acids

Answer 8

phenylalanine
tyrosine
tryptophan

Question 9

which amino acid has an indole ring

Answer 9

tryptophan

Question 10

what are the sulfur containing amino acids

Answer 10

cysteine
cystine
methionine

Question 11

what is cystine

Answer 11

2 cysteine linked together

Question 12

what are the branched chained amino acids

Answer 12

isoleucine
leucine
valine

Question 13

what is maple syrup urine disease do to

Answer 13

cant break down branched chain amino acids

Question 14

what are the acidic amino acids

Answer 14

aspartic acid

glutamic acid

Question 15

aspartic acid is found in what neurtoxic compound

Answer 15

aspartame

Question 16

what are the basic amino acids

Answer 16

hisitidine
lysine
arginine

Question 17

what amino acids have the greatest positive net charge at normal pH

Answer 17

basic amino acids

histidine
lysine
arginine

Question 18

what are the limiting amino acids in

wheat 
cereal
rice 
legumes 
maize 
pulses 
eggs and chicken

Answer 18

wheat - lysine

cereal - lysine

rice - lysine

legumes - tryptophan

maize - lysine and tryptophan

pulses - methionine

eggs and chicken - no limiting amino acids

Question 19

what amino acid forms tyrosine

Answer 19

phenylalanine

Question 20

what enzyme deficiency causes phenylketonuria

Answer 20

phenylalanine hydroxylase

converts Phenylalanine to Tyrosine

Question 21

what are hormones created by tyrosine

Answer 21

tyrosine –> L dopa –> domaine –> norepinephrine –> epinephrine

T3, T4

Question 22

what amino acid forms melanin

Answer 22

tyrosine –> L dopa –> melanin

Question 23

how does albinism occur

Answer 23

cant convert L dopa to melanin

Question 24

what amino acid is precursor to dopamine

Answer 24

tyrosine

Question 25

what amino acid is precursor to catecholamines

Answer 25

tyrosine

Question 26

what amino acid forms T3 and T4

Answer 26

tyrosine

Question 27

what amino acid forms serotonin and melatonin

Answer 27

tryptophan --> serotonin --> melatonin

Question 28

what amino acid forms nicotinamide

Answer 28

tryptophan --> niacin --> nicotinamide

Question 29

for every 10kg of body weight, the person needs how much protein

Answer 29

8 grams per 10kg of body weight

Question 30

what is the pH when an amino acid has no net electrical charge

Answer 30

isoelectric point

Question 31

what is an amino acid called that is at its isoelectric point

Answer 31

zwitter ion

Question 32

what is glutathione made up of

Answer 32

glutamate glycine cysteine

Question 33

what mineral is needed for glutathione peroxidase

Answer 33

selenium

Question 34

what is the composition of insulin

Answer 34

2 polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bond

Question 35

what are examples of polypeptide, catecholamine, and steroid hormones

Answer 35

polypeptide hormones - insulin and glucagon catecholamine - epinephrine and norepinephrine steroid hormone - testosterone, cortisol, estrogen, progesterone