anat Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
where does spinal cord terminate
A
L1/2
2
Q
vertebra primary centres of ossification
A
1 on body
one on each arch
3
Q
vertebra secondary centres of ossification
A
5:
- top and bottom of body around perimeter - annular epiphyses
- tip of spinous
- tips of transverse
4
Q
where does disc have neurovascular supply
A
outer third of annulus
5
Q
nerve supply of IVD
A
recurrent meningeal nerves
6
Q
where do you do a lumbar puncture
A
L3/4
7
Q
draw superficial back muscles
A
trapezius
lat dorsi
rhomboids minor and major
levator scapulae
8
Q
what are the intermediate back muscles
A
serratus anterior and post sup and post inf
9
Q
what are deep back muscles (parts of one of them)
A
errector spinae (med to lat: spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis) trasnversospinalis
10
Q
are there lymph nodes in the back
A
nup, lymph goes to axillary nodes
11
Q
spondylosis
A
degeneration of spine
12
Q
alkylosing spondylitis
A
fusion of vertebra
13
Q
where in breast has highest bulk of glandular tissue
A
upper outer quadrant
14
Q
where does breast sit, what ribs
A
2-6
15
Q
where does breast lymph drain
A
axillary and parasternal nodes
16
Q
ligaments stabilising costovertebral and costotransverse joints
A
radiate ligament
costotransverse lig
17
Q
what part of diaphragm does IVC go through
A
central tendon
18
Q
where does L and R phrenic nerves go through diaphram
A
R - tendon
L - muscular
19
Q
where are internal and external intercostal muscles replaced
A
external replaced anteriorly, internal replaced posteriorly
20
Q
accessory muscles of resp
A
sternomastoid, scalenes, abdo
21
Q
which vertebra does heart sit against
A
T5-8
22
Q
smooth part of R atria
A
sinus venarum
23
Q
ridge on inside demarcating musculi pectinati and sinus venarum in R a
A
crista terminalis
24
Q
smooth part just before pulmonary trunk
A
conus arteriosus
25
name of fibrous parts of skeleton connecting rings
trigones
26
what are 3 cusps of tricuspid valve called
ant post and septal
27
what meets behind sternoclavicular 1st 2nd and 3rd costal cartilages
sternoclavicular - IJV and subclavian
1st - brachiocephalic veins meet
2nd - azygous vein enters
3rd - IVC enters RA
28
what problem do you get with retrooesophageal right subclavian
causes difficulties swallowing
29
what muscle dows phrenic run on
scalenus anterior
30
where does thoracic duct empty into
junction btw L jugular and subclavian v
31
branches of thoracic aorta
intercostal
bronchial
pericardial
oesophageal
32
pathway of phrenic nerve
on scalenus anterior, between subclavian artery and vein, ant to lung root, pieces diaphragm
33
pathway of R vagus nerve
beside trachea - post to lung root, ant to oesophagus
34
pathway of L vagus
lateral to arch - post to phrenic - crosssed by superior intercostal vein - gives of recurrent laryngeal - post to lung root - ant to oesophagus
35
parts of parietal pleura
cervical, mediastinal, costal, diaphragmatic
36
what is name for pleural cavity filled with pus
pyothorax/empyema
37
where does trachea begin
C6
38
where will aspirated fluid go in supine patient
apical segment of lower lobe
39
two divisions of right bronchus
```
right upper lobe bronchus
bronchus intermedius (continuation of RMB)
```
40
two divisions of R pulmonary artery
```
right upper lobe branch of pulmonary artery
pulmonary artery (continuation of RMPA)
```
41
lymph drainage of lung
hilar lymph nodes - tracheo-bronchial nodes - bronchiomediastinal trunks
42
insertion of external obliques
iliac crest, ASIS, pubic crest and tubercle
43
insertion of internal obliques
anterior iliac crest, lat 2/3 of inguinal ligament, pubic crest
44
insertion of transversus abdominus
anterior iliac crest, lat 1/3 of inguinal lig, pubic crest
45
3 tendinous insertions of rectus abdominus
xiphisternum, costal margin, umbilicus
46
where are portosystemic anastomoses
```
lower oesophagus
bare area of liver
umbilicus
retroperitoneal structures (asc and dec colon)
upper anal canal
```
47
two divisions of internal thoracic a
musculophrenic
| superior epigastric
48
arteries of ant abdominal wall
- superior epigastric from internal thoracic
- inferior epigastric from external iliac
- superficial epigastric
49
where do testes develop
extraperitoneal fat
50
where is deep inguinal ring
breach in transversalis fascia, half way between ASIS and pubic tubercle, fingers breadth above the inguinal ligament
51
where are layers of spermatic fascia from:
external spermatic
cremasteric
internal spermatic
external - EO
cremasteric - IO
internal - fascia transversalis
52
indirect inguinal hernia from incomplete closure of...
processus vaginalis
53
origin of psoas major
T12 to L5
54
3 layers of thoracolumbar fascia and where they attach
post - to tip of spinous
middle - to tip of transverse
ant - to ant surface of transverse
55
size of kidney
10x5x2.5
56
where does right renal artery travel in relation to IVC
behind it
57
```
cervical oesophagus:
narrowing
artery
vein
lymph
```
upper oesophageal sphincter
artery - inferior thyroid
vein - brachiocephalic
lymph - deep cervical nodes
58
thoracic oesophagus
| narrowing, artery, vein, lymph
LMB, aortic arch
a - oesophageal branches from aorta
v - azygous
lymph - mediastinal
59
abdominal oesophagus
| narrowing, a, v, lymph
diaphragmatic orifice
a - left gastric
v - L gastric
lymph - preaortic
60
pylorus consists of
antrum, canal, sphincter
61
duodenal cap =
1st 2 inches of duo
62
what does second part of kidney overly
hilar structures of R kidnye
63
where does 3rd part of duo pass from to
from R psoas to L psoas
64
first __% jejunum, second __% ileum
40
| 60
65
mcbernies point
1/3rd way along line between umbilicus and ASIS
66
functional left half of liver =
left, caudate, quadrate
67
what structures are secondarily retroperitoneal
duo, pancreas, bile duct, asc and dec colon
68
branches of coeliac trunk
1. L gastric
2. splenic - L gastroepiploic
3. common hepatic
- proper hepatic
- gastroduodenal - R gastric, R gastroepiploic, superior pancreaticoduodenal
69
where does tail of pancreas and splenic artery go through to get to spleen
lienorenal lig
70
branches of SMA
```
inferior pancreaticoduodenal
jejunal
ileal
iliocolic
R colic
middle colic
```
71
branches of IMA
left colic
sigmoid colic
superior rectal
72
symp for abdo viscera come from what segments
T6-L2
73
parasymp for abdo viscera
foregut and mid gut - vagus
| hindgut - pelvic splanchnics
74
conoid tubercle
of cavicle for coracoclavicular ligament
75
ligs of sternoclavicular joint
ant and post sternoclavicular ligs
| costoclavicular lig - main stabiliser
76
main stabiliser of acromioclavicular joint
coracoclavicular lig
77
glenohumeral ligs - how many, which is thickest
line posterior capsule - sup, mid, inferior - thickest and loops under head
78
what is endangered in inferior dislocation of shoulder
axillary
79
process of ulnar on front
coranoid process
80
what is displaced carrying angle of arms called
cubitus valgus
81
what causes volkmann's ischaemia of forearm
supracondylar fracture causing stretch and spasm of brachial artery causing ischaemia
82
names of carpal bones
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
83
two joints of wrist complex, what type of joints are they
radiocarpal - ellipsoid
| intercarpal - condylar
84
ligs reinforcing wrist joint
ventral ulnocarpal and radiocarpal
dorsal radiocarpal
radio-scapho-lunate lig
85
what is most common fracture in upper limb
distal radius fracture - colles fracture
86
what are metacarpals linked by
deep transverse metacarpal lig
87
what expands surface area on phalanges in metacarpophalangeal joints
volar plate (fibrocartilagenous)
88
heads of pec majoir
clavicular
| stenocostal
89
where does serratus ant attach
anterolateral chest wall ribs 1-8, underlaps scapula to medial border
90
actions of serratus ant
protractor, scapula stabiliser when pushing forwards
91
name of fascia surrounding subclavian and pec minor
clavipectoral fascia
92
what does clavipectoral fascia attach to
axillary fascia
93
3 parts of deltoid
ant - from lat clavicle
lat - from acromium
post - from spine of scapula
94
which muscles adduct and medially rotate shoulder
subscapularis
| teres major
95
where does long head of biceps come from
supraglenoid tubercle, intracapsular, extrasynovial
96
origin and insertion of brachialis
ant distal humerus to coranoid process of ulnar
97
origin and insertion of FDS
humeroulnar head, radial head to either side of middle phalanges (doesnt cross last joint)
98
origin and insertion of FDP
ulnar and interosseous membrane to base of distal phalanges
99
origin and insertion of flexor pollicis longus
radius and interosseous membrane
100
origin and insertion of brachioradialis
supracondylar ridge to distal radius
101
muscles of posterior forearm
```
brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
```
102
deep muscles of post forearm
anconeus
supinator
extensor incidis
103
down a line along the ulnar what are the muscles of post forearm
anconeus
adductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
104
layers of palm
1. skin and palmaris brevis
2. palmar aponeurosis
3. intrinsic muscles of hand
4. neurovascular plane - superficial palmar arch
5. long flexor tendons + lumbricals
6. adductor pollicis and neurovascular plane
7. interossei and metacarpals
105
what are intrinsic muscles of hand
thenar and hypothenar: abductor and flexor pollicis brevis/digiti minimi and opponens
106
what forms the superficial neurovascular plane
ulnar artery , median and ulnar nerves
107
what forms the deep neurovascular plane
deep palmar arch from radial artery
108
where do lumbricals go to from
from radial side of each FDP tendon to dorsal extensor expansion
109
what adducts fingers
palmar interossei
110
what abducts fingers
dorsal interossei (bipennate)
111
what is order in brachial plexus
roots - trunks - divisions - cords - nerves
112
where does musculocutaneous nerve run
between biceps and brachialis
113
where does lat cut nerve of forearm come from
musculocutaneous
114
ulnar nerve med or lat to axillary artery
medial
115
what muscles does ulnar nerve supply
FCU and medial FDP, hand muscles except thenar
116
roots of musc nerve
C567
117
roots of axillary nerve
C56
118
roots of ulnar nerve
C8 T1
119
roots of median and radial nerves
C5-T1
120
median nerve lat or med to brachial artery
medial
121
motor of median n
rest of ant forearm, thenar muscles and lat 2 lumbriclas
122
before goes under flexor retinaculum, median n
gives of palmar cutaneous branch to lat 3 1/2 fingres and nail beds
123
axillary above or below teres major
above
124
muscles of axillary n
deltoid and teres minor
125
radial above or below teres major
below
126
where does superficial branch of radial n go
under brachioradialis, over anatomical snuff box to dorsum of hand
127
what does superficial radial n supply
lat arm and forearm, back of fingers
128
where does deep radial n go
through supinator to post compartment = post interosseous nerve
129
what does deep radial n supply
forearm extensors
130
what does medial arm and forearm extension
medial cutaneous nerve from medial cord
131
when does subclavian a become axillary
at lower border of 1st rib
132
where does it become brachial a
lower border of teres major
133
axillary artery runs deep to...
pec minor
134
where does profunda brachi artery go
spirals around humerus med to lat with radial nerve to post arm
135
where does radial artery go under, with what
under brachioradialis with superficial radial n
136
where does ulnar artery go, with what
under FCU with ulnar n
137
where does common interosseous artery come from
ulnar artery
138
divisions of common interosseous artery
ant and post interosseous arteries
139
what forms the superficial palmar arch
ulnar artery and sup branch of radial (gives off before goes under flexor retinaculum)
140
where do you get common digitial arteries from
superficial palmar arch
141
what forms deep palmar arch
radial artery and deep branch of ulnar
142
which is more proximal superficial or deep palmar arches
deep
143
what do deep veins form in arm
paired vena comitantes instead of radial and ulnar
144
in upper limb, deep lymphatics follow___ and superficial lymphatics follow ___
deep - arteries
| superficial - veins
